Motricidade

O processamento visuomotor de crianças com Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação e a relação com a funcionalidade em atividades de vida diária

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relação entre o processamento Visuomotor e a funcionalidade em Atividades de Vida Diária (AVDs) de crianças com Transtorno do Desenvolimento da Coordenação (TDC). A amostra foi composta por 52 crianças, 35 crianças com TDC (X= 7,11 anos) e 17 sem TDC (X= 7,11 anos). A identificação do TDC ocorreu pela utilizado o Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition (MABC-2) e o Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire – Brasil (DCDQ BR). Para avaliação da funcionalidade em AVDs foi utilizado o Developmental Coordination Disorder Daily - Questionnaire (DCDDaily-Q) e o Trial Making Test (TMT-L) para a avaliação do processamento visuomotor. Não houve diferenças significativas no processamento visuomotor, entre o grupo com e sem TDC. Ao realizar a análise considerando o score dos instrumentos foi possível identificar que crianças que tiveram um pior processamento visuomotor, apresentaram uma menor pontuação no DCDQ (r= − 0.253; p= 0.010), e no domínio Equilíbrio do MABC-2 (r= −0.336; p= 0.015), e uma maior pontuação nos domínios "escola" na subescala aquisição (r= 0.210; p= 0.048) e domínio "Lazer" na subescala participação (r= −0.278; p= 0.046) do DCDDaily-Q. Crianças com um pior desempenho no processamento visuomotor, parecem ter uma chance maior de apresentar indicativo para o TDC, pior equilíbrio, uma diminuição da participação nas atividades de lazer e um atraso na aquisição de tarefas escolares, esse dados permitem proporcionar avaliações e diagnósticos mais precisos a fim de orientar as intervenções no âmbito escolar quanto no de saúde.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between visuomotor processing and functionality in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). The sample consisted of 52 children, 35 children with DCD (mean age= 7.11 years) and 17 without DCD (mean age= 7.11 years). The identification of DCD was carried out using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition (MABC-2) and the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire – Brazil (DCDQ BR). To evaluate ADL functionality, the Developmental Coordination Disorder Daily - Questionnaire (DCDDaily-Q) was used, and the Trail Making Test (TMT-L) was used to assess visuomotor processing. There were no significant differences in visuomotor processing between the group with and without DCD. When analyzing the scores of the instruments, it was possible to identify that children with poorer visuomotor processing had a lower score on the DCDQ (r= −0.253; p= 0.010) and in the Balance domain of the MABC-2 (r= −0.336; p= 0.015), and a higher score in the "school" domain of the acquisition subscale (r= 0.210; p= 0.048) and the "Leisure" domain of the participation subscale (r= −0.278; p= 0.046) of the DCDDaily-Q. Children with poorer visuomotor processing performance seem to have a higher chance of indicating DCD, poorer balance, decreased participation in leisure activities, and delays in the acquisition of school tasks. This data allows for more accurate evaluations and diagnoses to guide interventions in both the educational and health domains.

The effect of balance on the real and perceived motor competence of 7 –and 8-year-old children

ABSTRACT The aims of the present study were to observe the values of balance, Motor Competence (MC) and Perceived Motor Competence (PMC) in pupils between 7 and 8 years of age, as well as to find out the effect of a program focused on balance work over MC, PMC and balance itself, and the differences according to sex. The sample consisted of 10 boys and 7 girls, belonging to the second year of Primary Education (Mage= 7.6 years; SD= .24). A pre-experimental repeated measures study design was used. The instruments used were the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-3) to analyse actual motor competence, the Pictographic Scale of Perceived Motor Skills Competence (PMSC) to analyse their perceived motor competence, and the Stability Skills test for balance. A 10-session programme, in which balance was the main aim, was implemented. The results indicated improvements in all dimensions, with differences according to the gender of the participants. Therefore, it can be concluded that specific balance work can improve not only balance but also real and perceived motor competence, although more studies are needed on sex differences.

O uso de equipamento operacional em exercícios com fogo real no simulador de incêndio altera a perceção de desconforto musculoesquelético, força de preensão manual e sintomas de stress de bombeiros militares ? estudo piloto

RESUMO Considerando que a atividade ocupacional merece uma atenção e monitorização constante, principalmente devido às adversidades encontradas nas exigências operacionais do combate a incêndios, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as repercussões psicofisiológicas antes e após o Exercício de Fogo Real (EFR). Sete militares (24,71± 2,06 anos) de um pelotão de bombeiros que frequentavam a disciplina de Combate a Incêndios Estruturais do Curso de Formação de Bombeiros do Espírito Santo foram avaliados antes e após a EFR em relação a: Sintomas de Stress, desconforto musculoesquelético (com e sem equipamento de proteção individual (EPI) para combate a incêndios), medidas antropométricas, preensão manual e taxa de sudação. Não foram encontradas alterações significativas na força de preensão manual e nos sintomas de stress (p> 0,05). Em relação ao desconforto musculoesquelético, verificou-se um aumento da sensação de desconforto no pescoço, ombros e pernas, em ambos os lados analisados (p< 0,05). Considerando os parâmetros relativos à composição corporal, foi encontrada uma diferença significativa (p< 0,05) entre a massa corporal antes (69,37± 12,89 kg) em comparação com depois (68,14± 12,56 kg), indicando uma perda de 1,22± 0,78 kg, com uma taxa de sudação de 36,13± 23,07 mL/min. Concluindo, os bombeiros militares que utilizam equipamento operacional em exercícios de fogo real no simulador de incêndio apresentam desconforto muscular no pescoço, ombros e pernas, aumento da sudorese sem apresentar alterações nos indicadores de stress e redução da força de preensão manual.

ABSTRACT Considering that occupational activity deserves constant attention and monitoring, especially due to the adversities encountered in the operational requirements of firefighting, the aim of this study was to analyze the psychophysiological repercussions before and after the Live Fire Exercise (EFR). Seven soldiers (24.71± 2.06 years old) from a platoon of firefighters who were studying the Structural Fire Fighting discipline of the Espírito Santo Firefighter Training Course were evaluated before and after EFR in relation to: Stress Symptoms, musculoskeletal discomfort (with and without personal protective equipment (PPE) for firefighting), anthropometric measurements, hand grip and sweating rate. No significant changes were found in handgrip strength and stress symptoms (p> .05). In relation to musculoskeletal discomfort, there was an increased sensation of discomfort in the neck, shoulders and legs, on both sides analyzed (p< .05). Considering the parameters related to body composition, a significant difference (p< .05) was found between body mass before (69.37± 12.89 kg) compared to after (68.14± 12.56 kg) indicating a loss of 1.22± 0.78 kg, with a sweating rate of 36.13± 23.07 mL/min. In conclusion, military firefighters using operational equipment in real fire exercises in the fire simulator experience muscular discomfort in the neck, shoulders and legs, increased sweating without showing changes in stress indicators and reduced handgrip strength.

High-intensity bodyweight interval training increases strength and functional capacity in older adults

ABSTRACT The present research aimed to analyse the effect of HIIT with body weight on strength and functional capacity parameters in older adults. Sixty sedentary older people were randomised into the control group (n= 30) and the training group (n= 30), who performed the bodyweight interval training program. The training consisted of 3 weekly sessions of 30 minutes in duration, performed on alternate days, consisting of warm-up, central part, and cool-down. The main part of the training session was 20 minutes long, totalling 20 work cycles. Each work cycle comprised 30 seconds of stimulation and 30 seconds of passive recovery. To verify the functional variables of older adults, the 5-time sit-and-stand test, the 10m walk test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG), and the 1RM test were used to determine maximum muscular strength. The results showed significant differences (p < .05) for the TUG (p= .0001), 5TSTS test (p= .009), and maximum reproduction for elbow flexion 1RMEF (p= .05) for the group Training. High-intensity interval training with body weight improves the functionality mainly of the lower limbs, impacting the performance of instrumental activities of daily living and gait performance, generating autonomy and independence of movement.

Construção e validação do Manual de Boas Práticas para Profissionais de Educação Física, exercícios resistidos para dor patelofemoral

RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou construir e validar o Manual de Boas Práticas para Profissionais de Educação Física, exercícios resistidos para dor patelofemoral. A ferramenta é um material instrucional, cujo público-alvo são professores que atendem a alunos/pacientes com dor patelofemoral. Tratou-se de um estudo de desenvolvimento metodológico de tecnologia educacional, do tipo manual teórico-prático, com conhecimentos sobre treinamento resistido. A construção da ferramenta foi baseada na Taxonomia de Bloom e sua validação de conteúdo foi realizada por um grupo de seis juízes-especialistas. A concordância entre os avaliadores sobre os itens de validação foi analisada através do índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC), da razão de validade de conteúdo (CVR) e do coeficiente de concordância (AC1 de Gwet). Onze dos 12 itens avaliados apresentaram valores máximos (IVC= 100% e CVR= 1,00), sendo considerados adequados. O coeficiente de concordância do Manual foi de 0,97, valor considerado excelente, o que representou um consenso entre os juízes-especialistas, validando a ferramenta. O nível estatístico alcançado neste estudo demostrou que o Manual é adequado para atender ao objetivo de apoiar os profissionais de educação física na condução do treinamento resistido como medida de escolha para o tratamento não farmacológico da dor patelofemoral na fase crônica.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to build and validate the Handbook of Good Practices for Physical Education Professionals, resistance training for patellofemoral pain. The tool is an instructional material, whose target audience is teachers who care for students/patients with patellofemoral pain. This was a methodological development study of educational technology, of a theoretical-practical manual type, with knowledge about resistance training. The construction of the tool was based on Bloom's Taxonomy and its content validation was carried out by a group of six expert expert judges. The agreement between evaluators on the validation items was analyzed using the content validity index (CVI), the content validity ratio (CVR) and the concordance coefficient (Gwet's AC1). Eleven of the 12 items evaluated presented maximum values (IVC= 100% and CVR= 1.00), being considered adequate. The Handbook concordance coefficient was .97, a value considered excellent, which represented a consensus among the expert judges, validating the tool. The statistical level achieved in this study demonstrated that the Handbook is adequate to meet the objective of supporting physical education professionals in conducting resistance training as the measure of choice for the non-pharmacological treatment of patellofemoral pain in the chronic phase.

Associação entre desempenho motor e função cognitiva em crianças e adolescentes de 5 a 14 anos

RESUMO O desenvolvimento humano é processo de alta complexidade que inicia no nascimento e envolve o desempenho de áreas motoras e cognitivas. Avaliar possíveis alterações promove um prognóstico favorável e minimiza o prejuízo de consequências às habilidades motoras. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a associação entre desempenho motor e funções cognitivas em crianças e adolescentes de cinco a quatorze anos. A pesquisa é observacional, transversal e quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 268 crianças e adolescentes de ambos os sexos de duas escolas municipais de Goiânia – GO. A análise estatística de dados foi realizada no programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences com os testes U de Mann- Whitney e Shapiro-Wilk. As funções cognitivas da amostra foram avaliadas com Mini Exame Mental infantil e as habilidades motoras amplas com o teste Motor Competence Assesment, para as habilidades manipulativas do teste, chute e arremesso. O estudo verificou que o desempenho motor para as habilidades de arremessar e chutar não apresentou correlação significativa entre o desempenho cognitivo em crianças e adolescentes de 5 a 14 anos. Quanto às diferenças de desempenho entre os sexos, verificamos que os meninos apresentaram maior velocidade de arremesso e chute em relação às meninas, apesar destas terem apresentado desempenho cognitivo ligeiramente superior.

ABSTRACT The human development is a highly complex process that begins at birth and involves the performance of motor areas and cognitive functions. Assessing and diagnosing possible changes promotes a favourable prognosis and minimizes the consequences for motor skills. The objective of this study is to verify the association between motor performance and cognitive functions in children and adolescents aged five to fourteen years. The research is observational, transversal and quantitative. The sample consisted of 268 children and adolescents of both sexes from two municipal schools in Goiânia – GO. Data analysis was carried out at the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program for statistical analysis with the Mann-Whitney and Shapiro-Wilk U tests. The cognitive functions of the sample were assessed with the Mini Infant Mental Examination, and the broad motor skills were assessed with the Motor Competence Assessment test for the manipulative skills of the test, such as kicking and throwing. The study found that motor performance for throwing and kicking skills did not show a significant difference between cognitive performance in children and adolescents aged 5 to 14 years. Regarding differences in performance between the sexes, we found that boys had greater performance and kick speed compared to girls despite having superior cognitive performance.

The use of control group in research design: the ethical challenge in the population with intellectual and developmental disabilities

ABSTRACT Ethics studies moral values and defines good and bad conduct in research and researchers. In research with human beings, it plays a crucial role in imposing limits, reducing abuses, and providing fair lines of research. The use of control groups in this type of research has been addressed and seems to be an effective method to assess the effects of an intervention, but it has raised doubts about the ethical challenges it involves. Therefore, this narrative review aims to address the ethical challenges in the use of control groups in research projects. In the analysed studies on populations with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), it was found that most researchers favoured the use of control groups, which, during the research period, did not engage in any activity other than the usual activities in their daily lives. However, they should ensure that the control group has the opportunity to perform an intervention equal to the one performed by the experimental group after the end of the research. In addition, it was possible to verify that, for the most part, the authors ensure the follow-up of ethical standards in studies with human subjects.

Atividade física, exercício físico e fitness em Portugal: passado, presente e futuro

RESUMO Este artigo procurou, de forma analítica e narrativa, analisar as tendências da prática de atividade física e exercício físico em Portugal nas duas últimas décadas. Acrescido, foi analisado o contexto do fitness em território nacional, tendo por base, registos divulgados ao longo dos últimos anos. Especificamente, analisou-se o exercício físico tendo por base o contexto do fitness, onde se teve interesse na resposta económica à taxa de atrito e a frequência semanal dos sócios. O atual trabalho encontra-se estruturado em diversas partes, nomeadamente: i) a atividade física praticada em Portugal; ii) o panorama de exercício físico e do fitness em Portugal; e iii) a análise económica do setor do fitness em Portugal; iv) os níveis de exercício físico, e; v) os motivos para a não prática e abandono de exercício físico. Por último, apresentaremos uma discussão com destaque a implicações práticas. Em conclusão, este estudo destaca a dificuldade do setor do fitness em reverter as tendências de inatividade. Aponta-se a necessidade de revisão dos métodos usados para avaliar a atividade física e exercício físico. Além disso, destaca-se a importância de compreender os motivos de abandono nos centros de fitness e de implementar reformas para melhorar a experiência dos clientes e reduzir as taxas de atrito.

ABSTRACT This article sought, analytically and narratively, to analyze the trends in physical activity and exercise practice in Portugal over the past two decades. Additionally, the context of fitness in the national territory was examined, based on records released over the past years. Specifically, physical exercise was analyzed based on the fitness context, where interest was focused on the economic response to attrition rates and the weekly frequency of members. The current work is structured into several parts, namely: i) physical activity practiced in Portugal; ii) the panorama of physical exercise and fitness in Portugal; iii) the economic analysis of the fitness sector in Portugal; iv) levels of physical exercise; and v) reasons for non-practice and abandonment of physical exercise. Finally, we will present a discussion highlighting practical implications. In conclusion, this study highlights the difficulty of the fitness sector in reversing inactivity trends. There is a need to review the methods used to assess physical activity and exercise. Additionally, it underscores the importance of understanding the reasons for dropout in fitness centers and implementing reforms to improve customer experience and reduce attrition rates.

Psychological impact of the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic on university students: a systematic review

ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to point out studies that describe variables that are associated with the impact of contingency measures resulting from the pandemic on the mental health of university students. A systematic review was carried out, following the PRISMA-P guidelines and PECO approach, and the review protocol was registered in INPLASTY. The search was conducted in five databases from December 2019 to December 2022. A selection process was carried out by title, abstract and full text, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Initially, 27,458 articles were identified, and after eliminating duplicates, applying the inclusion criteria and critical analysis, 11 original articles were selected for qualitative analysis. The sample size was 47,552 participants, the majority of whom were women (68.07%) with an average age of 21.07 years. It was concluded that contingency measures (social isolation, quarantine, distancing) as a measure to prevent the spread of the pandemic had a negative impact on the psychological well-being of university students. Adequate support and research into which interventions can mitigate these risks are essential. We suggest the implementation of psychological interventions, which should be promoted proactively, to minimise negative impacts.