Scielo RSS <![CDATA[Medievalista]]> http://scielo.pt/rss.php?pid=1646-740X20190002&lang=pt vol. num. 26 lang. pt <![CDATA[SciELO Logo]]> http://scielo.pt/img/en/fbpelogp.gif http://scielo.pt <![CDATA[<b>Os Estudos Medievais em Portugal: Dever de Qualidade e Direito de Cidadania</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200001&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt <![CDATA[<b>The momentum of studies of 11th - to early 13th -century polychrome wood sculptures in Europe</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200002&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt <![CDATA[<b>Esculturas românicas de madeira policromada em Itália</b>: <b>para um corpus e uma análise comparativa a partir dos dados de estudos técnicos e de história da arte</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200003&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt The most important and rich collection of wooden sculptures in Italy is conserved at the National Museum of Palazzo Venezia in Rome. Some years ago, the study of this collection was carried out by the University of Urbino in collaboration with the Institute for Conservation and Valorization in Florence (ICVBC-CNR) thanks to funding by the Getty Foundation. This was an extraordinary opportunity for interdisciplinary research, between art history and technical-material scientific analysis, concerning the almost two hundred works preserved there, of different dating and provenance. Among them is the so-called Madonna di Acuto, one of the most fascinating wooden sculptures of the Romanesque period in Italy, remarkable for its stylistic quality and state of preservation. And it is precisely the interest aroused by this Madonna at the origin of a new research project, just started by the same team, dedicated to the polychrome sculpture of the Romanesque era in Italy; a subject that is still little frequented by scholars. The aim is to collect data concerning the historical-artistic and technical-material aspects, with particular attention to polychromy, and to create a digital database, to verify if, between the 11th and the third quarter of the 13th century, existed a “typical behaviors" by the masters of lumber operating in a specific geographical area. This will help to establish the relationship, which was certainly created, between the nature of pigments, iconography, and symbolism of colors.<hr/>A mais importante e rica colecção de esculturas de madeira em Itália encontra-se conservada no Museu Nacional do Palazzo Veneza em Roma. Há alguns anos, o estudo desta colecção foi levado a cabo pela Universidade de Urbino em colaboração com o Instituto de Conservação e Valorização em Florença (ICVBC-CNR), graças a um financiamento por parte da Getty Foundation. Tratou-se de uma extraordinária oportunidade de investigação interdisciplinar, entre história da arte e análise científica técnico-material, sobre as quase duzentas peças aí preservadas, com datas e proveniências diversas. Entre elas, encontra-se a chamada Madonna di Acuto, uma das esculturas de madeira mais fascinantes do período românico em Itália, notável pela sua qualidade estilística e pelo seu estado de preservação. E é precisamente o interesse suscitado por esta Madonna que está na origem de um novo projeto de pesquisa, iniciado pela mesma equipa, dedicado à escultura policromada na era românica em Itália; um tema que continua a ser pouco visitado pelos académicos. O objectivo é reunir dados sobre aspectos histórico-artísticos e técnico-materiais, com particular atenção à policromia, e criar uma base de dados digital, para verificar se, entre o século XI e o terceiro quarto do século XIII, existiam “comportamentos típicos” por parte dos mestres das madeiras a operar numa área geográfica específica. Isto ajudará a estabelecer a relação, que certamente se criou, entre a natureza dos pigmentos, iconografia e simbolismo das cores. <![CDATA[<b>Escultura de madeira na Península Ibérica românica</b>: <b>um panorama vasto e atrativo. Linhas de investigação</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200004&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt Romanesque polychromed wooden imagery in the Iberian Peninsula (12th-13th centuries) stands both as a valuable and complex heritage. Apart from some general lines that determine compositional and symbolic features, the local context, the liturgy, the artists or workshops and the influence of some prestigious models have created a highly attractive scenario. It is important to note that some statues that are preserved separately today may well be, from a broader perspective, part of larger ensembles of liturgical furniture. At the same time, the number of studies on technical and material aspects involving interdisciplinary work has increased. One of the questions that concern scholars the most is the spread of typology and stylistic trends. The influence of metal and precious metal works on tempered polychromed must be assessed. Other times, the spread of modalities confined to an area might well obey cult and pilgrimage reasons. Not all works, however, strictly follow one modality or another. Another hypothesis deals with the importation of some objects.<hr/>A imagística românica de madeira policromada na Península Ibérica (séculos XII-XII) representa uma herança que tem tanto de valioso como de complexo. Exceptuando algumas linhas gerais que determinam características composicionais e simbólicas, o contexto local, a liturgia, os artistas ou as oficinas e a influência de certos modelos prestigiados criaram um cenário altamente atrativo. É importante notar que algumas das estátuas que se encontram preservadas em separado actualmente podem muito bem fazer, numa perspectiva mais vasta, parte de conjuntos maiores de mobiliário litúrgico. Ao mesmo tempo, o número de estudos sobre aspectos técnicos e materiais que envolvem trabalho interdisciplinar tem aumentado. Uma das questões que mais preocupa os académicos é a disseminação das tendências tipológicas e estilísticas. A influência de trabalhos com metal e metais preciosos na policromia temperada deve ser avaliada. Outras vezes, a disseminação de modalidades confinadas a uma área poderá perfeitamente obedecer a motivos de culto e peregrinação. Porém, nem todos os trabalhos seguem estritamente uma modalidade ou outra. Outra hipótese prende-se com a importação de alguns objectos. <![CDATA[<b>Policromia nos séculos XII e início de XIII no extremo norte da Europa</b>: <b>análises passadas e pesquisa futura</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200005&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt The paper focuses on medieval wooden sculptures in the 12th and early 13th century in Norway, with preserved original polychromy. The presentation of materials used in the construction, the painting and gilding are based on material analyses. Their application is discussed and compared to those produced in the period that immediately follows. Conclusions reached about the characteristics of this period allow future research to be suggested. It is clear from the evidence gained that both the making and the perception of Catholic church art in medieval Norway was firmly rooted in an established culture consistent with Christian paradigms found in the rest of medieval Europe. The analytical results from the examination of sculpture preserved in Norway are therefore relevant to a wider European context. To what extent medieval sculpture was imported or produced in Norway and by whom is an ongoing discussion. A better knowledge of the sculptural traditions of a wider geographical area will provide the context required to improve our understanding of the cultural exchanges of the medieval period.<hr/>O artigo foca-se em esculturas medievais de madeira dos séculos XII e XIII na Noruega, com policromia original preservada. A apresentação de materiais usados na construção, na pintura e na douradura baseiam-se na análise de materiais. A sua aplicação é discutida e comparada com casos do período imediatamente a seguir. As conclusões alcançadas relativamente às características deste período permitem a sugestão de investigação futura. Fica claro, a partir das evidências obtidas, que tanto a forma de fazer como a forma de percepcionar a arte da Igreja Católica na Noruega medieval estava firmemente enraizada numa cultura estabelecida que era consistente com os paradigmas cristãos encontrados no resto da Europa medieval. Os resultados analíticos do exame da escultura preservada na Noruega são, portanto, relevantes para um contexto europeu mais vasto. Até que ponto a escultura medieval foi importada para ou produzida na Noruega e por quem é uma discussão em aberto. Conhecer melhor as tradições escultóricas de uma área geográfica mais abrangente providenciará o contexto necessário para aperfeiçoarmos o entendimento que temos das trocas culturais do período medieval. <![CDATA[<b>Esculturas policromadas dos séculos XI-início de XIII: novos resultados de pesquisa do Instituto Real do Património Artístico, em Bruxelas</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200006&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt 11th- to early 13th-century medieval polychrome sculptures can be considered as ancestral testimony of knowledge, practices, and the exchange of carving and painting techniques in the Middle Ages. This paper aims to provide an analysis of 50 years of research in Belgium, including recent case studies. New material elements and analysis results will likely resuscitate the debate on the relative chronology that is usually suggested. The identification of materials reveals the circulation of goods and trade. The richness of pictorial effects and techniques demonstrates a knowhow long considered as typical of the late Gothic period, including the use of oil in the binding media. Most of the information collected in the Belgian corpus matches the results of analyses carried out on sculptures from other European regions, both in terms of the evolution of their appearance and of their techniques. These observations make it possible to put forward the hypothesis of a fast and oral transmission not only within local workshops but in the broader European global context.<hr/>As esculturas policromadas dos séculos XI-início de XIII podem ser consideradas um testemunho ancestral de conhecimento, de práticas bem como das trocas de técnicas de escultura e pintura na Idade Média. O presente artigo visa prover uma análise de 50 anos de pesquisa na Bélgica, incluindo também recentes estudos. Elementos materiais novos e os resultados de análises irão provavelmente relançar o debate sobre a cronologia relativa que por norma se sugere. A identificação de materiais revela a circulação de bens e comércio. A riqueza de efeitos pictóricos e técnicas demonstra um savoir-faire considerado até então como típico do período gótico recente, inclusive o uso de óleo como aglutinante. A maioria da informação reunida no corpus belga corresponde aos resultados de análises realizadas em esculturas de outras regiões europeias, tanto em termos de evolução de aspectos como de evolução técnica. Estas observações permitem avançar a hipótese de uma transmissão rápida e oral não só dentro das oficinas mas no contexto global europeu mais vasto. <![CDATA[<b>A cruz triunfal da Catedral de Nevers</b>: <b>técnica e exame de pintura</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200007&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt The large polychrome wooden cross preserved in the Saint-Cyr et Sainte-Julitte cathedral in Nevers was badly damaged during the bombing in July 1944. Restored and put on display on a modern cross in front of the choir, the sculpture suffered a new fall in 2015. The conservation of the work, directed by DRAC-CRMH of Burgundy- Franche-Comté, was preceded by a phase of technical study. Micro-stratigraphic, taxonomic and radiometric analyses and the dendrochronology of the cross were carried out. The dendrochronology of the cross of Nevers and the comparison with radiocarbon dating place the elaboration of the work in the last quarter of the 12th century while confirming the contemporaneousness of the cross with the sculpture. The quality of the triumphal cross of Nevers is highlighted even more by this dating which testifies to the richness of the formal contributions in Burgundy in the 12th century.<hr/>A grande cruz de madeira policromada preservada na Catedral de Saint-Cyr et Sainte- Julitte em Nevers foi danificada com gravidade durante o bombardeamento de Julho de 1944. Restuarada e exposta numa cruz moderna em frente ao coro, a escultura sofreu uma nova queda em 2015. A conservação do trabalho, dirigida pelo DRAC-CRMH de Burdungy-Franche-Comté, foi precedida por uma fase de estudo técnico. Fizeram-se análises micro-estratigráficas, taxinómicas e radiométricas, bem como a dendrocronologia da cruz. A dendrocronologia da cruz de Nevers e a comparação com a datação por radiocarbono situaram a execução do trabalho no último quartel do século XII, confirmando que a. cruz e a escultura são contemporâneas. A qualidade da cruz triunfal de Nevers é ainda mais destacada com esta datação, que dá testemunho da riqueza dos contributos formais na Borgonha no século XII. <![CDATA[<b>Polychrome wood sculptures in Auvergne, an ever-evolving corpus: state of the research and report of technical analysis</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200008&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt En France, la région d’Auvergne conserve un important ensemble de sculptures en bois polychromées datées, pour le moment entre le 11eme et le début du 13eme siècle, notamment une vingtaine de Crucifix, une soixantaine de Vierge en majesté et diverses figures de saints. Tandis que les sculptures conservées dans les musées ont acquis un certain prestige, celles qui sont conservées dans leurs églises restent moins connues et ont rarement fait l’objet d’études techniques. Depuis 2010 et l’émergence d’un nouvel intérêt pour ces objets, la DRAC ARA entreprend l’inventaire du corpus et initie de nouvelles recherches. En tant qu’objets de cultes, ces sculptures ont subi de nombreuses transformations au cours des siècles. Cette étude propose de contextualiser la place de ces objets dans leur édifice. L’examen d’un groupe de crucifix monumentaux montre la remarquable similitude d’élaboration originelle, nous incitant à nous interroger sur la production de modèles dans les ateliers de sculpteurs et de polychromeurs, et à re-évaluer notre vision des modes de production. L’étude des Vierges en majesté fait également écho à cette question du processus artistique et d’imitation de prototypes entiers, tout en marquant les variations qui définissent chacune de ces oeuvres.<hr/>In France, the Auvergne region has preserved an impressive number of polychrome wood sculptures. For those interpreted as dated between the 11th and 13th centuries, there are about 20 figures of the Crucifix, over 60 groups of the Virgin and Child in Majesty, and rarer saint figures, not including wooden sculptures sheeved in metal. While key prototypes held in museum collections have acquired a certain prestige, a whole corpus displayed in regional churches remains unknown to the public, little examined on a technical level. Since 2010, following a noticable shift of interest for these sculptures, the DRAC Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes has undertaken to define a corpus, and to direct a technical study of select sculptures. As cult figures, these objects have experienced continuous changes over centuries. The study proposes to contextualize the sculptures in their original church environment. The in-depth examination of a group of monumental crucifixes showing remarkable similarities of materials and techniques, asks for a re- evaluation of the working methods of early medieval sculptors and painters, with the possible use of models. The examination of groups of the Virgin and Child echoes this possibility of a standardized production, although noted differences between the sculptures put in question the concept of serial production. <![CDATA[<b>Recensão</b>: <b>DESEMBERG, Antoine - L’honneur des universitaires au Moyen Âge: Étude d’imaginaire social. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France (puf), 2015 (389 pp.)</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200009&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt En France, la région d’Auvergne conserve un important ensemble de sculptures en bois polychromées datées, pour le moment entre le 11eme et le début du 13eme siècle, notamment une vingtaine de Crucifix, une soixantaine de Vierge en majesté et diverses figures de saints. Tandis que les sculptures conservées dans les musées ont acquis un certain prestige, celles qui sont conservées dans leurs églises restent moins connues et ont rarement fait l’objet d’études techniques. Depuis 2010 et l’émergence d’un nouvel intérêt pour ces objets, la DRAC ARA entreprend l’inventaire du corpus et initie de nouvelles recherches. En tant qu’objets de cultes, ces sculptures ont subi de nombreuses transformations au cours des siècles. Cette étude propose de contextualiser la place de ces objets dans leur édifice. L’examen d’un groupe de crucifix monumentaux montre la remarquable similitude d’élaboration originelle, nous incitant à nous interroger sur la production de modèles dans les ateliers de sculpteurs et de polychromeurs, et à re-évaluer notre vision des modes de production. L’étude des Vierges en majesté fait également écho à cette question du processus artistique et d’imitation de prototypes entiers, tout en marquant les variations qui définissent chacune de ces oeuvres.<hr/>In France, the Auvergne region has preserved an impressive number of polychrome wood sculptures. For those interpreted as dated between the 11th and 13th centuries, there are about 20 figures of the Crucifix, over 60 groups of the Virgin and Child in Majesty, and rarer saint figures, not including wooden sculptures sheeved in metal. While key prototypes held in museum collections have acquired a certain prestige, a whole corpus displayed in regional churches remains unknown to the public, little examined on a technical level. Since 2010, following a noticable shift of interest for these sculptures, the DRAC Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes has undertaken to define a corpus, and to direct a technical study of select sculptures. As cult figures, these objects have experienced continuous changes over centuries. The study proposes to contextualize the sculptures in their original church environment. The in-depth examination of a group of monumental crucifixes showing remarkable similarities of materials and techniques, asks for a re- evaluation of the working methods of early medieval sculptors and painters, with the possible use of models. The examination of groups of the Virgin and Child echoes this possibility of a standardized production, although noted differences between the sculptures put in question the concept of serial production. <![CDATA[<b>Recensão</b>: <b>PELAZ FLORES, Diana - Rituales líquidos. El significado del agua en el ceremonial de la corte de Castilla (ss. </b><b>XIV-XV)</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200010&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt En France, la région d’Auvergne conserve un important ensemble de sculptures en bois polychromées datées, pour le moment entre le 11eme et le début du 13eme siècle, notamment une vingtaine de Crucifix, une soixantaine de Vierge en majesté et diverses figures de saints. Tandis que les sculptures conservées dans les musées ont acquis un certain prestige, celles qui sont conservées dans leurs églises restent moins connues et ont rarement fait l’objet d’études techniques. Depuis 2010 et l’émergence d’un nouvel intérêt pour ces objets, la DRAC ARA entreprend l’inventaire du corpus et initie de nouvelles recherches. En tant qu’objets de cultes, ces sculptures ont subi de nombreuses transformations au cours des siècles. Cette étude propose de contextualiser la place de ces objets dans leur édifice. L’examen d’un groupe de crucifix monumentaux montre la remarquable similitude d’élaboration originelle, nous incitant à nous interroger sur la production de modèles dans les ateliers de sculpteurs et de polychromeurs, et à re-évaluer notre vision des modes de production. L’étude des Vierges en majesté fait également écho à cette question du processus artistique et d’imitation de prototypes entiers, tout en marquant les variations qui définissent chacune de ces oeuvres.<hr/>In France, the Auvergne region has preserved an impressive number of polychrome wood sculptures. For those interpreted as dated between the 11th and 13th centuries, there are about 20 figures of the Crucifix, over 60 groups of the Virgin and Child in Majesty, and rarer saint figures, not including wooden sculptures sheeved in metal. While key prototypes held in museum collections have acquired a certain prestige, a whole corpus displayed in regional churches remains unknown to the public, little examined on a technical level. Since 2010, following a noticable shift of interest for these sculptures, the DRAC Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes has undertaken to define a corpus, and to direct a technical study of select sculptures. As cult figures, these objects have experienced continuous changes over centuries. The study proposes to contextualize the sculptures in their original church environment. The in-depth examination of a group of monumental crucifixes showing remarkable similarities of materials and techniques, asks for a re- evaluation of the working methods of early medieval sculptors and painters, with the possible use of models. The examination of groups of the Virgin and Child echoes this possibility of a standardized production, although noted differences between the sculptures put in question the concept of serial production. <![CDATA[<b>Recensão</b>: <b>LANGER, Johnni (Org.) - Dicionário de história e cultura da Era Viking</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200011&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt En France, la région d’Auvergne conserve un important ensemble de sculptures en bois polychromées datées, pour le moment entre le 11eme et le début du 13eme siècle, notamment une vingtaine de Crucifix, une soixantaine de Vierge en majesté et diverses figures de saints. Tandis que les sculptures conservées dans les musées ont acquis un certain prestige, celles qui sont conservées dans leurs églises restent moins connues et ont rarement fait l’objet d’études techniques. Depuis 2010 et l’émergence d’un nouvel intérêt pour ces objets, la DRAC ARA entreprend l’inventaire du corpus et initie de nouvelles recherches. En tant qu’objets de cultes, ces sculptures ont subi de nombreuses transformations au cours des siècles. Cette étude propose de contextualiser la place de ces objets dans leur édifice. L’examen d’un groupe de crucifix monumentaux montre la remarquable similitude d’élaboration originelle, nous incitant à nous interroger sur la production de modèles dans les ateliers de sculpteurs et de polychromeurs, et à re-évaluer notre vision des modes de production. L’étude des Vierges en majesté fait également écho à cette question du processus artistique et d’imitation de prototypes entiers, tout en marquant les variations qui définissent chacune de ces oeuvres.<hr/>In France, the Auvergne region has preserved an impressive number of polychrome wood sculptures. For those interpreted as dated between the 11th and 13th centuries, there are about 20 figures of the Crucifix, over 60 groups of the Virgin and Child in Majesty, and rarer saint figures, not including wooden sculptures sheeved in metal. While key prototypes held in museum collections have acquired a certain prestige, a whole corpus displayed in regional churches remains unknown to the public, little examined on a technical level. Since 2010, following a noticable shift of interest for these sculptures, the DRAC Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes has undertaken to define a corpus, and to direct a technical study of select sculptures. As cult figures, these objects have experienced continuous changes over centuries. The study proposes to contextualize the sculptures in their original church environment. The in-depth examination of a group of monumental crucifixes showing remarkable similarities of materials and techniques, asks for a re- evaluation of the working methods of early medieval sculptors and painters, with the possible use of models. The examination of groups of the Virgin and Child echoes this possibility of a standardized production, although noted differences between the sculptures put in question the concept of serial production. <![CDATA[<b>Espacios e Imágenes en el reino de Galicia (1075-1112). Persistencias y reforma.</b>: <b>Tese de doutoramento em História, apresentada à Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 2018. Orientação dos Professores Manuel Núñez Rodríguez e David Chao Castro</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200012&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt En France, la région d’Auvergne conserve un important ensemble de sculptures en bois polychromées datées, pour le moment entre le 11eme et le début du 13eme siècle, notamment une vingtaine de Crucifix, une soixantaine de Vierge en majesté et diverses figures de saints. Tandis que les sculptures conservées dans les musées ont acquis un certain prestige, celles qui sont conservées dans leurs églises restent moins connues et ont rarement fait l’objet d’études techniques. Depuis 2010 et l’émergence d’un nouvel intérêt pour ces objets, la DRAC ARA entreprend l’inventaire du corpus et initie de nouvelles recherches. En tant qu’objets de cultes, ces sculptures ont subi de nombreuses transformations au cours des siècles. Cette étude propose de contextualiser la place de ces objets dans leur édifice. L’examen d’un groupe de crucifix monumentaux montre la remarquable similitude d’élaboration originelle, nous incitant à nous interroger sur la production de modèles dans les ateliers de sculpteurs et de polychromeurs, et à re-évaluer notre vision des modes de production. L’étude des Vierges en majesté fait également écho à cette question du processus artistique et d’imitation de prototypes entiers, tout en marquant les variations qui définissent chacune de ces oeuvres.<hr/>In France, the Auvergne region has preserved an impressive number of polychrome wood sculptures. For those interpreted as dated between the 11th and 13th centuries, there are about 20 figures of the Crucifix, over 60 groups of the Virgin and Child in Majesty, and rarer saint figures, not including wooden sculptures sheeved in metal. While key prototypes held in museum collections have acquired a certain prestige, a whole corpus displayed in regional churches remains unknown to the public, little examined on a technical level. Since 2010, following a noticable shift of interest for these sculptures, the DRAC Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes has undertaken to define a corpus, and to direct a technical study of select sculptures. As cult figures, these objects have experienced continuous changes over centuries. The study proposes to contextualize the sculptures in their original church environment. The in-depth examination of a group of monumental crucifixes showing remarkable similarities of materials and techniques, asks for a re- evaluation of the working methods of early medieval sculptors and painters, with the possible use of models. The examination of groups of the Virgin and Child echoes this possibility of a standardized production, although noted differences between the sculptures put in question the concept of serial production. <![CDATA[<b>Pedro Álvares Seco: a retroprojeção da memória da Ordem de Cristo no século XVI</b>: <b>Tese de doutoramento em História, apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Maio de 2018. Orientação da Professora Doutora Paula Pinto Costa</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200013&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt En France, la région d’Auvergne conserve un important ensemble de sculptures en bois polychromées datées, pour le moment entre le 11eme et le début du 13eme siècle, notamment une vingtaine de Crucifix, une soixantaine de Vierge en majesté et diverses figures de saints. Tandis que les sculptures conservées dans les musées ont acquis un certain prestige, celles qui sont conservées dans leurs églises restent moins connues et ont rarement fait l’objet d’études techniques. Depuis 2010 et l’émergence d’un nouvel intérêt pour ces objets, la DRAC ARA entreprend l’inventaire du corpus et initie de nouvelles recherches. En tant qu’objets de cultes, ces sculptures ont subi de nombreuses transformations au cours des siècles. Cette étude propose de contextualiser la place de ces objets dans leur édifice. L’examen d’un groupe de crucifix monumentaux montre la remarquable similitude d’élaboration originelle, nous incitant à nous interroger sur la production de modèles dans les ateliers de sculpteurs et de polychromeurs, et à re-évaluer notre vision des modes de production. L’étude des Vierges en majesté fait également écho à cette question du processus artistique et d’imitation de prototypes entiers, tout en marquant les variations qui définissent chacune de ces oeuvres.<hr/>In France, the Auvergne region has preserved an impressive number of polychrome wood sculptures. For those interpreted as dated between the 11th and 13th centuries, there are about 20 figures of the Crucifix, over 60 groups of the Virgin and Child in Majesty, and rarer saint figures, not including wooden sculptures sheeved in metal. While key prototypes held in museum collections have acquired a certain prestige, a whole corpus displayed in regional churches remains unknown to the public, little examined on a technical level. Since 2010, following a noticable shift of interest for these sculptures, the DRAC Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes has undertaken to define a corpus, and to direct a technical study of select sculptures. As cult figures, these objects have experienced continuous changes over centuries. The study proposes to contextualize the sculptures in their original church environment. The in-depth examination of a group of monumental crucifixes showing remarkable similarities of materials and techniques, asks for a re- evaluation of the working methods of early medieval sculptors and painters, with the possible use of models. The examination of groups of the Virgin and Child echoes this possibility of a standardized production, although noted differences between the sculptures put in question the concept of serial production. <![CDATA[<b>As representações do saber. Uma visão dos letrados nas crónicas portuguesas tardomedievais.</b>: <b>Dissertação de Mestrado em História Medieval apresentada na Universidade de Évora, Dezembro de 2018. Orientação da Professora Hermínia Vasconcelos Vilar</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200014&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt En France, la région d’Auvergne conserve un important ensemble de sculptures en bois polychromées datées, pour le moment entre le 11eme et le début du 13eme siècle, notamment une vingtaine de Crucifix, une soixantaine de Vierge en majesté et diverses figures de saints. Tandis que les sculptures conservées dans les musées ont acquis un certain prestige, celles qui sont conservées dans leurs églises restent moins connues et ont rarement fait l’objet d’études techniques. Depuis 2010 et l’émergence d’un nouvel intérêt pour ces objets, la DRAC ARA entreprend l’inventaire du corpus et initie de nouvelles recherches. En tant qu’objets de cultes, ces sculptures ont subi de nombreuses transformations au cours des siècles. Cette étude propose de contextualiser la place de ces objets dans leur édifice. L’examen d’un groupe de crucifix monumentaux montre la remarquable similitude d’élaboration originelle, nous incitant à nous interroger sur la production de modèles dans les ateliers de sculpteurs et de polychromeurs, et à re-évaluer notre vision des modes de production. L’étude des Vierges en majesté fait également écho à cette question du processus artistique et d’imitation de prototypes entiers, tout en marquant les variations qui définissent chacune de ces oeuvres.<hr/>In France, the Auvergne region has preserved an impressive number of polychrome wood sculptures. For those interpreted as dated between the 11th and 13th centuries, there are about 20 figures of the Crucifix, over 60 groups of the Virgin and Child in Majesty, and rarer saint figures, not including wooden sculptures sheeved in metal. While key prototypes held in museum collections have acquired a certain prestige, a whole corpus displayed in regional churches remains unknown to the public, little examined on a technical level. Since 2010, following a noticable shift of interest for these sculptures, the DRAC Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes has undertaken to define a corpus, and to direct a technical study of select sculptures. As cult figures, these objects have experienced continuous changes over centuries. The study proposes to contextualize the sculptures in their original church environment. The in-depth examination of a group of monumental crucifixes showing remarkable similarities of materials and techniques, asks for a re- evaluation of the working methods of early medieval sculptors and painters, with the possible use of models. The examination of groups of the Virgin and Child echoes this possibility of a standardized production, although noted differences between the sculptures put in question the concept of serial production. <![CDATA[<b>Motivations in medieval war</b>: <b>a comparative approach between two territorial peripheries (Iberia and Baltic)</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200015&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt En France, la région d’Auvergne conserve un important ensemble de sculptures en bois polychromées datées, pour le moment entre le 11eme et le début du 13eme siècle, notamment une vingtaine de Crucifix, une soixantaine de Vierge en majesté et diverses figures de saints. Tandis que les sculptures conservées dans les musées ont acquis un certain prestige, celles qui sont conservées dans leurs églises restent moins connues et ont rarement fait l’objet d’études techniques. Depuis 2010 et l’émergence d’un nouvel intérêt pour ces objets, la DRAC ARA entreprend l’inventaire du corpus et initie de nouvelles recherches. En tant qu’objets de cultes, ces sculptures ont subi de nombreuses transformations au cours des siècles. Cette étude propose de contextualiser la place de ces objets dans leur édifice. L’examen d’un groupe de crucifix monumentaux montre la remarquable similitude d’élaboration originelle, nous incitant à nous interroger sur la production de modèles dans les ateliers de sculpteurs et de polychromeurs, et à re-évaluer notre vision des modes de production. L’étude des Vierges en majesté fait également écho à cette question du processus artistique et d’imitation de prototypes entiers, tout en marquant les variations qui définissent chacune de ces oeuvres.<hr/>In France, the Auvergne region has preserved an impressive number of polychrome wood sculptures. For those interpreted as dated between the 11th and 13th centuries, there are about 20 figures of the Crucifix, over 60 groups of the Virgin and Child in Majesty, and rarer saint figures, not including wooden sculptures sheeved in metal. While key prototypes held in museum collections have acquired a certain prestige, a whole corpus displayed in regional churches remains unknown to the public, little examined on a technical level. Since 2010, following a noticable shift of interest for these sculptures, the DRAC Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes has undertaken to define a corpus, and to direct a technical study of select sculptures. As cult figures, these objects have experienced continuous changes over centuries. The study proposes to contextualize the sculptures in their original church environment. The in-depth examination of a group of monumental crucifixes showing remarkable similarities of materials and techniques, asks for a re- evaluation of the working methods of early medieval sculptors and painters, with the possible use of models. The examination of groups of the Virgin and Child echoes this possibility of a standardized production, although noted differences between the sculptures put in question the concept of serial production. <![CDATA[<b>Workshop <i>Investigar em Idade Média VI - Projetos de Investigação</i></b>: <b><i>realidades e possibilidades</i></b><b>, organizado em parceria pelo Instituto de Estudos Medievais e pelo CITCEM</b> <b>- Centro de Investigação Transdisciplinar “Cultura, Espaço e Memória”, Lisboa, NOVA FCSH, 8 de fevereiro de 2019</b>]]> http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1646-740X2019000200016&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt En France, la région d’Auvergne conserve un important ensemble de sculptures en bois polychromées datées, pour le moment entre le 11eme et le début du 13eme siècle, notamment une vingtaine de Crucifix, une soixantaine de Vierge en majesté et diverses figures de saints. Tandis que les sculptures conservées dans les musées ont acquis un certain prestige, celles qui sont conservées dans leurs églises restent moins connues et ont rarement fait l’objet d’études techniques. Depuis 2010 et l’émergence d’un nouvel intérêt pour ces objets, la DRAC ARA entreprend l’inventaire du corpus et initie de nouvelles recherches. En tant qu’objets de cultes, ces sculptures ont subi de nombreuses transformations au cours des siècles. Cette étude propose de contextualiser la place de ces objets dans leur édifice. L’examen d’un groupe de crucifix monumentaux montre la remarquable similitude d’élaboration originelle, nous incitant à nous interroger sur la production de modèles dans les ateliers de sculpteurs et de polychromeurs, et à re-évaluer notre vision des modes de production. L’étude des Vierges en majesté fait également écho à cette question du processus artistique et d’imitation de prototypes entiers, tout en marquant les variations qui définissent chacune de ces oeuvres.<hr/>In France, the Auvergne region has preserved an impressive number of polychrome wood sculptures. For those interpreted as dated between the 11th and 13th centuries, there are about 20 figures of the Crucifix, over 60 groups of the Virgin and Child in Majesty, and rarer saint figures, not including wooden sculptures sheeved in metal. While key prototypes held in museum collections have acquired a certain prestige, a whole corpus displayed in regional churches remains unknown to the public, little examined on a technical level. Since 2010, following a noticable shift of interest for these sculptures, the DRAC Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes has undertaken to define a corpus, and to direct a technical study of select sculptures. As cult figures, these objects have experienced continuous changes over centuries. The study proposes to contextualize the sculptures in their original church environment. The in-depth examination of a group of monumental crucifixes showing remarkable similarities of materials and techniques, asks for a re- evaluation of the working methods of early medieval sculptors and painters, with the possible use of models. The examination of groups of the Virgin and Child echoes this possibility of a standardized production, although noted differences between the sculptures put in question the concept of serial production.