Motricidade

Cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents: a study with high school students

The purpose of the study was to investigate cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) found in adolescents from a public school in Fortaleza / Ceará / Brazil. The sample consisted of 180 students from the State High School Justiniano de Serpa, which is covered by sub-project of the course of Physical Education of the Institutional Program Initiation Grant for Teaching from the State University of Ceará. For data collection, it was used a questionnaire which included objective questions related to gender, age, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity level, and family history. Besides that, a physical evaluation was conducted in which it was collected height, weight, and waist circumference. For data analysis, it was used the absolute and relative frequency to characterize the participants as well as chi-square test for the variables gender and level of physical activity. Results showed the percentage of overweight and obesity was 22.2% and 12.2%, respectively. Furthermore, 16.7% of adolescents had abdominal obesity, 6% reported alcohol consumption, and 1% smoking. In family history, highlighted the presence of diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol levels, which together amounted to 65.4%. The results also showed 79.4% of adolescents had insufficient levels of physical activity. It is concluded that the main CRF found were family history, physical activity, and overweight.

Evaluation of nutritional status of children aged 0 to 5 years old in Early Childhood Education of the Municipal Education Network of Itajaí/SC

The increasing number of children from 0 to 5 years old, evaluated as overweight in recent years, motivated teams of the Health Program at School and the School Feeding Program of the Municipal School Network of Itajaí/SC (Brazil) to conduct a research in order to verify the nutritional status of students regularly attending the Early Childhood Education centers. We seek to minimize the effects of this condition throughout life. We adopted the cross-sectional, descriptive and field study method, with data collection between April and July 2016, from 64 Early Childhood Education Centers. Data shows that 925 children, representing 1/3 of the total number of students aged 0 to 5 years and 11 months old, are in an overweight situation. From those, 610 were with high weight for the age, corroborating the waistline perimeter data (WP) with children at risk; 175 children were diagnosed with thinness and, of these, 65 also have low weight for their age. Thus, these children require special attention of those involved. We considered, therefore, the study presented extremely important as it may trigger prevention actions and immediate intervention.

Fun and Healthy Every Day: using a website as an educational tool to promote health in school children

A sedentary lifestyle and poor nutrition in childhood contribute to increasing levels of poor health among the population. This study aimed to develop a website as a pedagogical tool for health promotion in schoolchildren. Therefore, a total of 39 eutrophic schoolchildren were recruited (22 girls and 17 boys), from 2nd and 5th grades of elementary school (8-10yr), from both public (61.5%) and private (38.5%) schools. Children accessed the TODDS Kids (Fun and Healthy Every Day) website for 1 hour, which was built in HTML5 format on the Wix platform. The participants answered a questionnaire to assess their perception of the site and its content. It was observed that 97.4% of children said they would like to access the site again, and all of them said they would indicate the site to a friend. Scores between 9.14 and 9.56 were attributed to colours, images and information presented on the website. 92.3% and 87.2% reported they intended to be more active and to eat healthier foods after accessing the website, respectively. In conclusion, TODDS Kids website was a well-accepted tool, helping kids to raise awareness about healthier choices and could be used as a pedagogical tool for supporting child health promotion.

Implementation of an intervention program with physical activity and healthy diet for health promotion at school: a possible challenge

The early development of chronic non-communicable diseases has represented the greatest concern in the health prevention in all countries. The goal of this research was to investigate how a program to promote the health of school children through physical activity and healthy diet can be implemented aiming sustainability and continuity. The participants of this study were 1098 students, aged 6 to 10 years, of both sexes. The students belong to two schools: experimental school (ES-n=592)/control school (CS-n=506). The project was implemented in 2013 (pre-test) and was followed until 2015 (post-test), with an intervention in 2014. The following variables were evaluated: nutritional status, level of blood glucose, cardiorespiratory endurance, fondness for exercises and 4 categories of food. The statistical analysis used was the Wilcoxon test (paired) and the Wilcoxon test (U of Mann Whitney) (independent samples), assuming a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed differences between ES and CS groups in the years 2013 and 2015. The biggest differences occurred in ES 2015. It can be concluded that the intervention was effective and implemented with intersectoral articulations to ensure sustainability and continuity.

Knowledge Related to Health in Physical Education Students in the National Assessment of Student Achievement (ENADE)

The study aims to analyze the knowledge related to health required the evidence of Physical Education students from the National Assessment of Student Achievement (ENADE) 2014. All Physical Education students from Brazil who declared present" in the specific component of the test. Students are categorized by gender (male and female), type of institution (public and private) and Brazil region (North, Northeast, Southeast, South and Midwest). Valid percentage of each alternative and the index of difficulty and discrimination of the items were analyzed. We used the SPSS statistical package (version 20.0). Most students answered the items correctly, with good understanding involving healthy habits in childhood and the contributions of physical education in teaching such content. However, many of them interpreted incorrectly, with misunderstandings about elementary questions on this topic. It is concluded that there are some knowledge limitations related to the Physical education students health, when the ENADE 2014 is used as a parameter.

Lipid profile and associated factors in schoolchildren

The relationship between anthropometric measurements and lifestyle habits of schoolchildren with lipid profile is assessed by a descriptive, cross-sectional study on a sample of 135 school children aged between 6 and 10 years. Variables comprised body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, questionnaires on physical activity, dietary habits and metabolic changes. Analysis compares rates by Mann-Whitney test and associations by chi-square test, while effects were measured by odds ratio at 5% significance (p <0.05). There was no significant association between nutritional status and lipid profile. Lipid changes occurred inclusively in children with normal weight. Physical activity was inversely associated with dyslipidemia and suggests that physical activities associated with eating habits may be a preventive mechanism on cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Impact of motor interventions oriented by mastery motivational climate in fundamental motor skills of children: A systematic review

The domain and maintenance of fundamental motor skills are essential for acquisition of more complex skills that are used in sport activities. The aim of this study was review systematically the experimental and quasi-experimental studies which implemented the mastery motivational climate in motor interventions and verify impact in fundamental motor skills of children. A search without language and date restrictions in eight databases was realized. Motor intervention studies that used the mastery motivational climate with focus in strategy for optimize the locomotors and object control skills performance in children 3 to 10 year-old were included. The evaluate of methodological quality was realized by two independents reviewers. Six papers that described motor interventions oriented by mastery motivational climate were included. The participants were children with identified motor delay, with or without cognitive or motor disabilities. All the studies indicated positive effect of intervention programs in locomotor and object control skills. The mastery motivational climate is an efficient methodological proposal teaching to promote development of locomotors and object control skills in children with motor delay.

Physical activity and sedentary time in Physical Education classes and their association with cardiorespiratory fitness in students

This study aimed to evaluate the intensity and duration of activities in Physical Education classes and to test their association with cardiorespiratory fitness. It is a cross-sectional study with 614 schoolchildren (51% girls), aged 10 to 17 years old, evaluated by accelerometers in 100 Physical Education classes in Pinhais, Southern Brazil. The intensity of the activities was determined by accelerometry (Actigraph, model WGT3X). The time spent in each intensity (sedentary, light, moderate, intense and very intense) was evaluated. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by the Léger test 20 meters. The average duration of the classes was 31.5 minutes (SD = 4.3). On average, boys and girls passed 23.8% and 16.9% (p <0.05) of a class in activities of moderate and vigorous intensity, respectively. The correlation between time in physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness was significant in boys (Light, moderate and vigorous, respectively: r = 0.12, p = 0.04, r = 0.12, p = 0.04, r = 0.15, p = 0.009). In conclusion, the low correlation between physical activity time in Physical Education classes and cardiorespiratory fitness reinforces the discussion about how this subject can contribute to the public health in young population.

Physical Education in School: physical spaces and materials in public school in Fortaleza

Physical Education has specific needs when it comes to physical spaces, materials and / or other conditions available to work with the body in motion. The aim was to then analyze the conditions of operation of physical education teachers in public schools of Fortaleza. To do this, from a descriptive quantitative study and qualitative exploratory, public schools were the scene of the research and their physical education teachers, totaling n = 73, were participants in this investigation. A questionnaire on the conditions of physical spaces and materials and a group interview with some teachers were the instruments used to diagnose the conditions of teaching practice in these schools of Fortaleza. In most schools, the physical spaces present themselves inadequate, limited and / or missing, as well as the materials are of poor quality and / or reduced amount. Finally, although a study unfinished, front of the entire context surrounding the school dynamics, it is believed that schools need greater availability of physical spaces and materials as well as other conditions for the physical education teacher can act in a more efficient and satisfactory manner, favoring the teaching and student learning.

Relationship between physical activity, physical fitness, and motor competence in school children

The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between habitual physical activity, physical fitness, and motor competence in school children. In total, 100 children aged 8-10 years took part in this study, subdivided into 2 groups: the Physical Education Group (PEG) characterized only by practical classes of Physical Education; and another group that performed Systematized Physical Activity (SPA). Habitual physical activity was investigated using the webdafa questionnaire. The physical fitness battery included a 20-meter running test, throwing a medicine ball, a horizontal jump test, and running for six minutes. Motor competence was measured by the TGMD-2 test. For statistical analysis we used the Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square Fisher tests. The results demonstrated moderate correlations between habitual physical activity and the 20-meter running test (r=0.41) and (r=0.49) motor competence. Furthermore, moderate correlations were found between physical fitness and motor competence in the horizontal jump test (r=0.55), running for six minutes (r=0.50), and 20 meter running test (r=0.65). In conclusion, it was observed that the SPA demonstrated better results and the school physical education classes were not sufficient to ensure adequate levels of habitual physical activity, physical fitness, or motor competence in the children in the present study.

Stages of change for physical activity and socioeconomic correlates in schoolchildren from Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil: a cross-sectional study

This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with Stages of Change for Physical Activity (SCPA) in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 386 students from public schools in Fortaleza, Ceará. The following question was used: In relation to your physical activity habits, would you say that: classifying the answers in five SCPA (pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance). Sex, age, number of people who live, work situation, family income and parental education were independent variables. The Chi-square test was used (p <0,05). The prevalence of students in SCPA was 17,7%, 19,2%, 21,6%, 14,8%, and 27,0% for pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance, respectively. Boys had elevated proportion in the action and maintenance stages (p = 0,01). Adolescents whose family had income greater than R$ 1000,00 had higher proportion in the maintenance stage when compared to those with lower income (p = 0,01). The other variables were not associated with SCPA (p > 0,05). In conclusion, elevated prevalence of adolescents in inactive SCPA was identified. It is important to direct strategies that generate interest for physical activity, especially girls and adolescents with lower income.

Perception of Body Image in Teenagers in Physical Education Classes

This study showed the objectives to evaluate the self-perception of body image in adolescents, raising the issues related to the physical aspects and the physical education classes. The design of this research was qualitative and quantitative nature, associated with the field research of experimental and comparative type. In the experimental phase was the implementation of an intervention program in relation to body image. In the quantitative study, met the perception of body image of 102 students with a mean of 15.5 (± 1.2) years of age, 50 adolescents from the experimental school (49.0%) and 52 adolescents in the control school (51.0%), enrolled in classes of 1st and 2nd year of high school in the public-school network. In experimental school there was a significant improvement to the program in the perception that the girls had on their body image. In the qualitative study parse through 8 focus groups (48 students) the issue focus of research from personal experiences. The students showed a high rate of dissatisfaction with the body and the willingness to take risk behaviors in pursuit of the ideal body with better results after the program. The approach on body image in Physical Education was nonexistent.

The performing of a secondary physical education department committed to the Portuguese physical education national curriculum

This study examined the performance of a secondary physical education (PE) department committed to the Portuguese PE National Curriculum. PE department head perceptions, PE teachers educational believes, school and PE department characteristics, PE curriculum, and PE classes were analysed. The main goal set by PE teachers was to prepare students for an active and healthy lifestyle. PE teachers showed a shared commitment about what is important to teach and the best way to have an organized learning environment. They worked as a team, focusing their teaching in students learning. They showed high expectations, believing that students can succeed, which suggested a strong moral purpose. Teachers share different PE values orientations, however, students engaged in MVPA for more than 50% of the available class time. This reflected the teachers collective compromise to follow the same PE objectives, along with making students interests a top priority. To promote teamwork and coherent curricular decisions, as well as good educational practices in a school, the PE department is probably a crucial component to providing a positive learning environment.

The relationship between pedagogical practices with physical activity levels in classes of Physical Education

Socioeconomic status (family income that may affect access to healthy nutrition, culture, sports, leisure, and health), repressive family and school environments with inappropriate or demotivating teaching methods are among various factors which influence the nonadherence to physical activity, contributing for a sedentary lifestyle. The difficulty of access to sports and leisure brings up one of the major problems in education and public health, the impairment of physical inactivity in children and adolescents. This study aims to analyze pedagogical practices developed in Physical Education classes and its consequences on the students level of physical activity. The research is quantitative with experimental character which included two public schools of Ceará. The sample was consisted of 2 teachers and 6 students from each school. The instrument used in 96 observations was the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time. The results demonstrate the need for a joint effort between the school management and teachers of Physical Education to develop strategies that facilitate and promote the adoption of physically active lifestyle by the students.

Virtual games assets: strategy potential to promote health and combat obesity school

Evidence indicates the potential of virtual gaming assets to raise and / or maintain the level of motivation in the classroom and promote greater physiological intensity activities. The aim of the study was to compare the level of motivation and level of physical activity among school children of traditional physical education class (EDFT) and school children in physical education classes with the use of active virtual games (JVA). Participated 117 students divided into two distinct groups: EDFT and JVA. For 12 classes, variables motivation and level of physical activity were measured. To assess the level of motivation, it was used Martins motivation scale and Duarte (1997). The level of physical activity was measured by System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time. For analysis comparing the level of physical activity, it was used the U test of Mann Whitney. The motivation was analyzed by Repeated Measures Mixed test. For all analyzes, it was adopted as significance level p <0.05. Data were tabulated in SPSS_22.0 software. The results did not show significant differences in the level of physical activity and motivation between groups. It concludes that the JVA has the peculiarity to promote a practice environment that demands greater physiological intensity.