Motricidade

Wearing face mask during physical exercise

Relationship between ball possession and match outcome in UEFA Champions League

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the relationship between ball possession and match outcome in the UEFA Champions League. Official statistics from five seasons were analyzed, and descriptive analysis and the Chi-Square test were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05). Overall, teams with more ball possession won 49.2%, draw 22.0%, and lost 28.7% of the matches. In the group phase, teams with more ball possession won 50.5%, draw 23.0%, and lost 26.5% of the matches, while in the knockout phase, teams with more ball possession won 45.1%, draw 19.0%, and lost 35.9% of the matches. In general, teams with more ball possession won more matches in the competition, and this was especially true when the range of ball possession percentage between two teams in a match was higher.

Reproducibility and equivalence of GDLAM protocol mobile application for the evaluation of functional autonomy

ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop a mobile application (App) for the Latin American Group for the Development of the Elderly (GDLAM) protocol of functional autonomy in the Android environment and check its reproducibility. This study was divided into two stages: 1) creation and development of the GDLAM App, Android Studio software, and JAVA as a programming language; 2) evaluation of 63 volunteers for the GDLAM protocol using the traditional method and the App. The significance level was set at p<0.05. There were no statistical differences between the traditional GDLAM protocol and the App. However, the total time required to assess the GDLAM protocol using the App was significantly lower (p <0.001). In addition, the levels of agreement between assessments exhibited strong and very strong positive correlations with significance (p <0.001) for all variables. The study showed that the use of the GDLAM App is as efficient as the traditional functional autonomy protocol for the elderly, demonstrating that reproducibility is adequate, assessment time shorter, and results are obtained faster.

Association between Quality of life, Sleepiness, Fatigue, and Anthropometric Parameters in young University Students

ABSTRACT Cardiovascular risks are now an epidemiological reality among adults and teenagers. This scenario leads to impairments in quality of life and represents a burden in healthcare and government costs. This study aimed to evaluate the association between risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, quality of life, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and anthropometric parameters on university students in Fortaleza/CE, Brazil. It was a descriptive, crossectional, correlational study, made through epidemiological assessment in young university students, with primary data and quantitative analysis. The results showed a negative influence of daytime sleepiness and fatigue on the overall quality of life. Functional capacity, a component of the quality of life, which represents the ability to perform tasks and activities in their life, and limitations due to emotional aspects could impact a person's well-being and health. Moreover, excessive daytime sleepiness showed a strong correlation with almost all domains of quality of life. It was found that although volunteers did not show a low quality of life, fatigue levels and sleepiness presented as relevant variables. There is a need to comprehend and control these variables to promote students’ health and, consequently, to live healthier adulthood.

Comparison of anthropometric indicators in rhythmic gymnastics athletes satisfied and dissatisfied with body image

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o índice de massa corporal [IMC], dobra cutânea do tríceps (DCTR), subescapular (DCSE) e gordura corporal (%GC) em atletas de ginástica rítmica (GR), satisfeitas e insatisfeitas com a imagem corporal (IC), Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, com 38 atletas praticantes de GR do Oeste Paranaense. A IC foi avaliada com o Body Shape Questionnaire, a massa corporal e a estatura foram aferidas e o IMC calculado. As DCTR e DCSE foram utilizadas para o cálculo do %GC (equação de Slaughter). O nível econômico foi verificado com o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil e a maturação sexual foi autorreferida com pranchas de Tanner. Foi empregado Teste T independente, Qui-quadrado e análise de covariância (ANCOVA) controlando a interferência do nível econômico e do estágio maturacional, com p<0,05. Ginastas insatisfeitas com a IC apresentaram maiores valores de IMC (média: 19,01 Kg/m2; desvio-padrão [DP]: 0,65 Kg/m2), DCTR (média: 9,26 mm; DP: 0,65 mm), DCSE (média: 7,33 mm; DP: 0,55 mm) e %GC (média: 20,75; DP: 0,96), quando comparadas às ginastas satisfeitas com a IC, mesmo após o controle do nível econômico e do estágio maturacional. Atletas de GR insatisfeitas com a IC apresentaram maiores valores para os indicadores antropométricos.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare body mass index [BMI], triceps skinfold (DCTR), subscapular skinfold (DCSE) and body fat (%BF) in rhythmic gymnastics (GR) athletes, satisfied and dissatisfied with body image (CI). Through a cross-sectional study with 38 athletes practicing GR from Oeste Paranaense. The CI was assessed with the Body Shape Questionnaire, body mass and height were measured, and the BMI was calculated. The DCTR and DCSE were used to calculate the %GC (Slaughter equation). The economic level was verified with the Brazil Economic Classification Criterion, and sexual maturation was self-reported with Tanner boards. Independent T-test and Chi-square and covariance analysis (ANCOVA) were employed to control the interference of economic level and maturational stage, with p <0.05. Gymnasts dissatisfied with HF presented higher BMI values (mean: 19.01 Kg/m2; standard deviation [SD]: 0.65 Kg/m2), DCTR (mean: 9.26 mm; SD: 0, 65 mm), DCSE (mean: 7.33 mm; SD: 0.55 mm) and %BF (average: 20.75; SD: 0.96) when compared to gymnasts satisfied with HF, even after control economic level and maturational stage. GR athletes dissatisfied with HF presented higher values for anthropometric indicators.

Changes in the functional capacity of active and institutionalized elderly

ABSTRACT This study aimed to observe changes in the functional capacity of the elderly. Eighteen elderly individuals (mean 74.3 years) were divided into two groups: water aerobics (GH, n = 08) and institutionalized (GI, n = 10). Functional capacity was identified through the battery of tests proposed by Rikli and Jones (1999). After the intervention period, both groups showed reductions in the valences evaluated. However, in GI the reductions were more accentuated. For Cardiorespiratory Capacity, Mobility, and Strength of lower limbs, there were reductions for GH of (−4.22%, −9.42%, and −19.23%) and GI of (−52.20, −135.43%, and −28%) respectively. For the Time up and Go test (TUG), statistical effect was present for time (with lower time post vs. pre; p = 0.021) as well as a significant interaction for time*group (p = 0.027), respectively. Physical exercise programs for the elderly can reduce the rate of decline in functional capacity, with healthier aging.

Barriers to participation in physical activity programs among older adults

RESUMO Este estudo investigou a percepção de barreiras para participação de idosos em programas de atividades físicas. A amostra foi Q composta por idosos (≥60 anos) do Estudo EpiFloripa Idoso (n = 1140) entrevistados em 2013/2014. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista face-face no domicílio. O desfecho foi identificado pela pergunta: qual o principal motivo que levou ou levaria o(a) Sr.(a) a desistir de um programa de atividade física? As condições de saúde, os compromissos cotidianos, as atitudes perante a prática de atividades físicas e os aspectos ambientais foram às barreiras mais reportadas. Considerar a percepção dos idosos é essencial para planejar e desenvolver intervenções mais efetivas e duradouras.

ABSTRACT This study investigated the perception of barriers to the participation of older adults in physical activity programs. The sample consisted of older adults (≥60 years) from the EpiFloripa Ageing Study (n = 1140) interviewed in 2013/2014. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews at home. The outcome was identified by the question: what is the main reason that led or would lead you to give up a physical activity program? Health conditions, daily commitments, attitudes towards physical activity, and environmental aspects were the most reported barriers. Considering the perception of older adults is essential to plan and develop more effective and lasting interventions

Analysis of the behavior of volleyball coaches of youth female categories

ABSTRACT In this study, we aimed to analyze the behavioral profile of volleyball coaches of youth categories from both the athletes’ and the coaches’ perspectives. One hundred ten athletes and 18 head coaches and assistant coaches who participated in the 2018 clubs’ Brazilian volleyball championship (Campeonato Brasileiro Interclubes de Voleibol) filled the athlete and coach version, respectively, of the Brazilian version of the Coach Behavior Scale for Sport. The reporting of the goal-setting dimension was not aligned between coaches and athletes (z = 17, p = 0.012, d = 0.78), while no differences were found for the other dimensions (physical training and planning, technical skills, mental preparation, personal rapport, and negative rapport). The mismatch between the perceptions of coaches and athletes for the goal-setting dimension may be related to an underestimation or overestimation by coaches or athletes of the team's potential and inadequate coach-athlete communication. Coaches should manage their behavior to clearly state for the athletes their personal and collective goals, avoiding frustration, and promoting more commitment with the set goals, increasing the team's chances of success.

Design and Validation of a Scale to Measure Fear of the Aquatic Environment in children

ABSTRACT Although fear in early childhood is an emotion that permits survival of danger, fear of water can block and limit children's adaptive development towards this very fear. Aquatic competence is an important milestone in the improvement of general health in childhood, but there are no scales that measure how fear of water can hinder a child's development in the aquatic environment. This study aimed to design and analyze the validity of a Scale to Measure Fear of the Aquatic Environment (SFAE) to evaluate the perceived fear of the aquatic environment in three- to six-year-old children. Construct validity was also evaluated by verifying its relation to aquatic competence. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses support the use of five dimensions of influence on the perception of fear of the aquatic environment: social context, equipment/installations, attitude, experiences, and competence. The correlation pattern also supports construct validity showing negative and significant relations between fear and aquatic competence. The SFAE shows a promising initial validity for its use in the aquatic environment during early childhood.

Beach Volleyball: Temporal Analysis and Endocrine Responses of National Athletes

RESUMO Objetivou-se caracterizar os aspectos temporais e verificar o efeito agudo de um jogo de voleibol de praia na testosterona, cortisol e razão T:C de jovens atletas. Adicionalmente, verificou-se se as respostas hormonais eram diferentes entre bloqueadores e defensores. Participaram 16 atletas masculinos de nível nacional (idade 17±2,44 anos). Cada atleta realizou um jogo com regras oficiais, sendo filmado para análise subsequente. Utilizou-se saliva para medir os níveis de testosterona e cortisol, e calcular a razão testosterona/cortisol (razão T:C), utilizando o método ELISA. Assim, comparou-se a concentração desses hormônios no tempo (início do jogo, final do 1° set e final do jogo) e entre as funções. Em média o tempo total de jogo foi 30min e 49s (± 0,01s), com rallies de 6 s (± 01s) e tempo entre rallies de 20s (±02s). O cortisol apresentou tendência linear, aumentando ao longo do tempo e a razão T:C demonstrou tendência quadrática, reduzindo ao final do primeiro set e restabelecendo-se ao final da partida. A razão T:C de bloqueadores pré-pos jogo teve efeito trivial, porém negativo (d= −0,198). Aproximadamente 30 minutos de voleibol de praia tem efeito na concentração de testosterona, cortisol e razão T:C. Além disso, bloqueadores parecem levemente mais exigidos fisicamente.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize temporal aspects and verify the acute effect of a beach volleyball game on testosterone, cortisol, and T: C ratio of young athletes. Also, to verify whether the hormonal responses were different between blockers and defenders. Sixteen male athletes of national-level participated (age 17±2.44 years). Each athlete played a game with official rules, being filmed for subsequent analysis. Saliva was used to measure testosterone and cortisol levels and calculate testosterone/cortisol ratio (T: C ratio) using ELISA method. The concentration of these hormones was compared over time (beginning, end of first set, and end of the match) and between functions. Usually, the total match duration was 30min and 49s (± 0.01s), with rallies of 6 seconds (± 01s) and time between rallies of 20 seconds (± 02s). Cortisol showed a linear trend, increasing over time, and T: C ratio showed a quadratic trend, decreasing at the end of the first set and reestablishing at the end of the match. Blockers T: C ratio of pre-post match had a trivial but negative effect (d= −0.198). Approximately 30 minutes of beach volleyball affects the concentration of testosterone, cortisol, and T: C ratio. Besides, blockers seem slightly more physically demanding.

Adaptation of the Aquatic Functional Assessment Scale for Babies – AFAS-BABY©

ABSTRACT Despite the increasing use of the aquatic environment (AE) as a therapeutic option for activities with infants and toddlers and the increasing number of assessment instruments for land-based physical therapy, no instrument addresses the characteristics of the aquatic environment regarding babies. This study aimed to adapt the aquatic behaviors of the Aquatic Functional Assessment Scale (AFAS) for babies, encompassing infants and toddlers aged three to 24 months (AFAS-Baby). First, a child was observed in the AE by two experts, with adjustments being made by three professionals with experience in the scale. Second, 5 children were evaluated to verify both the scale's applicability and the need for adjustments in it. Lastly, 6 professionals/experts validated the content of the scale. Hence, the AFAS-Baby comprises 61 behaviors: 8 in the Adaptation (A) phase, 14 in Mastering of the water environment (D), 35 in Specialized Therapeutic Exercises (E), and 4 in Global fitness (Cd). The score remained unchanged, following the original scale. The AFAS-Baby enables the assessment of specific aquatic motor behaviors for infants and toddlers, as well as assists professionals in the aquatic stimulation of babies.

Comparison between Under-13 and Under-15 Soccer Players in Small-Sided and Conditioned Games

ABSTRACT The present study aims to compare players’ tactical behavior and performance in Small-Sided and Conditioned Games when playing against opponents from different age levels (Under-13 and Under-15). Participated in this study 93 players from U-13 (n=42) and U-15 (n=51) teams, who performed 7,416 tactical actions. The instrument used was the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT) to analyze players’ tactical actions. Descriptive statistics and independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney were used considering the value of p<0.05. Results indicated that the players in the U-13 age level obtained a better percentage of success in the movements supporting the player in possession of the ball, and the U-15 players performed more movements that allow the team to defend in unity. In addition, players of both age levels performed similarly, although U-13 players suffered more fouls and won more throwins or corner kicks, whereas the U-15 age level was more effective in regaining possession of the ball but suffered fewer attacks to their goal. It was concluded that the players of the U-15 age are more compacted compared to the U-13 players. Besides, both age performances were similar even though the players of the U-15 age level were more effective.

Influence of the environment on sports motivation: comparison between systematized and non-systematized spaces for practice

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a motivação esportiva entre espaços sistematizados e não sistematizados de prática. Participaram do estudo 381 crianças e adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 10 e 18 anos. A amostra foi constituída de acordo com o local de prática relatado pelo participante, distribuída em três grupos: [1] Treinamento, [2] Escola e [3] Outros (praças, clubes, quadras públicas, casa, rua etc.). O instrumento utilizado para aferir a motivação esportiva foi o Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Após as análises estatísticas, constatou-se que o treinamento é o local onde se verifica os maiores níveis motivacionais, sendo significativamente mais acentuado quando comparado com outros ambientes. Nessa direção, depreende-se que a Educação Física escolar não consegue fornecer níveis próximos de motivação ao treinamento, apresentando, inclusive climas motivacionais equivalentes a outros locais não sistematizados de prática.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare sports motivation between systematized and non-systematized spaces of practice. Three hundred eighty-one youths of both sexes, aged between 10 and 18, participated in this study. The sample was constituted according to the practice location reported by the participant, distributed in three groups: (1) Training, (2) School, and (3) Others (public parks, clubs, public sports courts, house, street, etc.). The instrument used to measure sports motivation was the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). After statistical analysis, it was found that training is the place where there are the greatest motivational levels, being significantly more accentuated when compared to other environments. In this direction, it was found that school Physical Education cannot provide motivation levels close to training, presenting motivational climates equivalent to other non-systematic places of practice.

Acute physiological responses during a Brazilian endurance triathlon race

ABSTRACT Triathlon is one of the most flourishing sports in the world. This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of physiological markers and subjective perception variables in amateur trained athletes. Participated in the present study 8 male endurance triathletes with race experience. The injury markers and oxidative stress parameters were investigated in the blood plasma and measured at baseline and post-race. Heat, comfort, and humidity perception, and Borg ratings of perceived exertion were measured during the baseline, transition area, and post-race. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used with significance set as p<0.05. The variables of injury and muscle fatigue presented a significant increase comparing the baseline and post-race data, CK (p= 0.005; d= 5.7), LDH (p= 0.004; d= 1.3) and lactate (p< 0.001; d= 7.2). It was observed a significant increase in CP (p= 0.021; d= 2.2) and a significant decrease in DPPH (p= 0.002; d= −1.4) in post-race, no significant changes in LP (p= 0.217; d= 0.6) and TT (p= 0.881; d= −0.1) oxidative stress markers was verified. A significant increase (Δ% = 30.95, p = 0.001; d = 6.8) was observed in urine temperature and color (range [1-7], p = 0.039). Even with the significant increase in fatigue, with a significant increase in the injury markers, oxidative stress markers suggested a good antioxidant defense. It was observed an increase in exertion and heat perception, as well as a reduction in heat comfort and skin wetness.

Fitness instructors role on exercise adherence in Portugal: the importance of need-supportive behaviors and motivational climates

RESUMO O presente estudo avaliou o efeito dos comportamentos interpessoais e dos climas motivacionais dos instrutores na adesão futura à prática de exercício físico. Para dar resposta a este objetivo, realizaram-se dois estudos com duas amostras independentes: no primeiro, analisou-se o efeito dos comportamentos de suporte e de frustração nas necessidades psicológicas básicas e a sua associação com a adesão; no segundo estudo, examinou-se o efeito dos climas motivacionais com envolvimento para a tarefa e para a ego nas necessidades psicológicas básicas, sendo estas por sua vez associadas à adesão à prática de exercício físico. Foram recolhidos dados de praticantes de atividades fitness inseridos em diversos ginásios e health clubs em Portugal. Os resultados evidenciaram uma associação positiva entre os comportamentos de suporte, e do clima motivacional com envolvimento para a tarefa, e a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas. As necessidades psicológicas básicas por sua vez encontram-se associadas de forma positiva e significativa com a adesão à prática. Pelo contrário, os comportamentos de frustração apresentam uma associação negativa com as necessidades psicológicas básicas e o clima motivacional com envolvimento para o ego não apresenta nenhuma associação com as necessidades psicológicas básicas. Em suma, os resultados demostram claramente uma associação entre a forma como o instrutor de fitness é percecionado pelo praticante e o número de acessos que o praticante terá nos seis meses seguintes ao do momento de avaliação inicial. Assim sendo, os profissionais de exercício físico têm uma capacidade considerável de influenciar positivamente a adesão do praticante, ao criarem um ambiente de suporte durante a sessão de treino.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to examine the association between fitness instructors' interpersonal behaviors and motivational climates and exercise adherence. Two studies were conducted: in the first study, the effect of need-supportive and need-thwarting behaviors on basic psychological needs, and consequently on exercise adherence was analyzed; in the second study, the effect of ego and task-involving motivational climates on basic psychological needs, and consequently on exercise adherence was examined. Data was collected from several exercisers engaged in fitness activities in several gym and health clubs in Portugal. The results showed a positive association between need-supportive behaviors, task-involving climate, and basic psychological needs. These needs were respectively positively and significantly correlated with exercise adherence. Contrarily, need-thwarting behaviors displayed a negative, while ego-involving climates no association at all, with basic psychological needs. Overall, the data clearly shows an association between the way the fitness instructor is perceived by the exerciser and the number of accesses that the exerciser will have in the six months following the moment of the initial assessment. Therefore, fitness instructors have a considerable capacity to positively influence the exerciser's adherence, by creating a supportive environment during the training session.