CIDADES, Comunidades e Territórios

Editorial 46

Transforming work environments: Unveiling the dynamics and impacts of coworking spaces

Exploring the potential of coworking spaces for quality of working life and wellbeing: a systematic review of academic literature

Abstract Coworking spaces (CSs) have gained significant attention in the last decades as an alternative to traditional offices and homes. These spaces offer a flexible and collaborative environment that caters to the needs of freelancers, entrepreneurs, and remote workers. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review academic literature to investigate how CSs contribute to workers' quality of working life (QWL) and wellbeing. Literature is analysed thematically following the QWL framework proposed by Walton (1973). The findings of this review suggest that CSs may act as a quasi-organisation by emulating the role traditionally undertaken by employers contributing to different aspects of workers’ QWL, which ultimately affect their wellbeing. CSs’ contribution largely depends on the different material features of the spaces, the services offered, the work culture promoted, the curation activity of the host, the coworking members, and the complex interrelation among all these elements. In the conclusive section, the review identifies potential research gaps and areas for future research in this field.

Exploring the potential of coworking spaces for quality of working life and wellbeing: a systematic review of academic literature

The evolution and spatial dynamics of coworking spaces in Lisbon: a qualitative analysis

Abstract This article examines the emergence, historical evolution, and spatial dynamics of coworking spaces (CWS) in Lisbon, Portugal, as part of a broader investigation into new working spaces in diverse geographies. The study explores the development and deployment of CWS within city development and planning, looking in particular at local government strategy focused on innovation and entrepreneurship and at private initiatives. The research questions guiding the study are: (i) What are the key phases and critical moments in the development of CWS in Lisbon, and how have they influenced the current landscape in terms of distribution and sectors of CWS in the city? (ii) How have local government strategies and private initiatives influenced the development, location, and resilience of CWS in Lisbon, taking into consideration the impact of global events such as the 2008 economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic? The methodology employed involves qualitative content analysis of articles, policy and planning documents, as well as semi-structured interviews with key informants, experts, and coworking operators. Site visits to CWS in Lisbon were also conducted. Additionally, a georeferenced database of CWS was built to allow spatial analysis of their development and distribution across the city. The findings demonstrate that CWS in Lisbon have experienced significant growth since the economic crisis, resulting in diverse spaces, operators, sectors, and practices. Local government strategies have a major role in their development by fostering a creative and entrepreneurial ecosystem which involve collaborations among public and private entities. CWS are mainly located in areas with high demand for office spaces near transportation hubs. However, CWS oriented towards cultural and creative activities tend to be found in undergoing regeneration areas. Further studies are needed to fully comprehend the evolving practices and their long-term impacts on the local context and to explore other variables and realities. The results of this study aim to contribute to a better understanding of development and location factors of CWS on specific urban areas, providing insights for urban planning and development.

The evolution and spatial dynamics of coworking spaces in Lisbon: a qualitative analysis

Types of Co-Working Spaces in Istanbul

Abstract The concept of co-working has gradually grown in importance and new types of workplaces have increased in Istanbul in step with global trends. As the most populated city in Turkey, Istanbul hosts the largest number of co-working spaces (CWSs) in the country. This paper describes the types of CWSs in Istanbul. In this context, the paper is organized around two main topics: the physical structure and the non-physical structure of CWSs. The physical structure of CWSs refers to the type of building, layout, and architectural features, as well as the facility management services and ancillary spaces that CWSs provide. The non-physical structure of CWSs covers the financial structure, community structure, organization and management structure, decision-making structure, partnership structure, and communication structure of CWSs. In this framework, 20 CWSs in Istanbul (87 locations in total, including multiple branches in the city) were empirically studied through face-to-face interviews, observations, websites, and advertisements analysis. The main result of the analysis reveals that CWSs have different characteristics and cannot be encompassed in one type for the case of Istanbul. In this context, four different co-working types were identified in Istanbul. These are chain CWSs, lifestyle CWSs, community-oriented CWSs, and service-oriented CWSs. The results of the study contribute to the literature for a better understanding of CWSs in an urban context. They also help to understand the changing working environment in Istanbul and Turkey, which has been largely overlooked by the literature to date.

Types of Co-Working Spaces in Istanbul

Book Review of The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Future of Working Spaces

Collaborative Workspaces: Shaping the future of work, innovation and sustainable development. Interview to Ignasi Capdevila

Students with an immigrant background in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Evidence at the municipal, school, and class levels

Abstract This paper focuses on the territorial distribution of students, in Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA), with an immigrant background enrolling in the 3rd cycle of basic education in Portugal and on the differences in the academic performance of students attending the last year of this cycle, considering their birthplace. Differences are examined by estimating several linear regression models using as dependent variable two performance indicators - students’ results in the 9th grade national exams in the Maths and Portuguese Language subjects; and a binary indicator of a successful academic record during the 3rd cycle. The results confirm significant differences in the students’ school performance depending on their birthplace: students from Brazil and Portuguese-speaking African countries (PALOP) have the most significant differences compared to students from Portugal. A substantial part of these differences is already present at the end of the 2nd cycle, and subsist when accounting for students’ socioeconomic characteristics. Our results show that a considerable part of the differences is explained by factors inherent to the school and the class, and not so much to the municipality, which might reveals the existence of some types of segregation experienced by these students, either at intra-municipality level (by the different schools) or intra-school level (by the different classes).

Students with an immigrant background in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Evidence at the municipal, school, and class levels

Evaluación del espacio público para personas con movilidad reducida. Ibagué, Colombia

Resumen El entorno construido en las ciudades en desarrollo evidencia la creciente complejidad en los escenarios urbanos, como consecuencia de la ideología funcionalista en el urbanismo. Existen marcadas deficiencias de infraestructura en accesibilidad diversa, situación preocupante que tiende a deshumanizar el espacio público y reducir cada vez más las posibilidades de integración social. El análisis se enfoca en un tramo de la Carrera Quinta, principal eje vial urbano de Ibagué. Pretende evaluar las condiciones existentes de accesibilidad en términos de dimensiones, características morfológicas y usabilidad, a través de la aplicación de encuestas y visitas al área de estudio, con el fin de generar un diagnóstico primario sobre su calidad, estado, seguridad y atractivo, especialmente para personas que presentan limitaciones físicas. En esta perspectiva, se constituye en un recurso útil para estudios e intervenciones posteriores de planificación urbana con diseño inclusivo.

Abstract The built environment in developing cities evidences the growing complexity in urban settings, as a consequence of the functionalist ideology in urbanism. There are marked infrastructure deficiencies in diverse accessibility, a worrying situation that tends to dehumanize public space and increasingly reduce the possibilities of social integration. The analysis focuses on a section of the Carrera Quinta, the main urban road axis of Ibagué. It aims to evaluate the existing conditions of accessibility in terms of dimensions, morphological characteristics and usability, through the application of surveys and visits to the study area, in order to generate a primary diagnosis on its quality, condition, safety and attractiveness, especially for people with physical limitations. In this perspective, it constitutes a useful resource for subsequent studies and interventions of urban planning with inclusive design.

Evaluación del espacio público para personas con movilidad reducida. Ibagué, Colombia

Façade Retention in the City of Lisbon: origins, history and typologies

Resumo Este artigo incide sobre o surgimento e desenvolvimento de operações de reabilitação com retenção da fachada e demolição do interior na cidade de Lisboa. Este tipo de intervenção, comumente designado de fachadismo, generalizou-se na cidade desde o final de novecentos, sendo suportado por um contexto cultural e socioeconómico, que seria inclusivamente plasmado pela normativa. As intervenções de reconstrução de fachadas têm antecedentes na história da Arquitetura e do Urbanismo; todavia, a proliferação de operações inversas é controversa no debate disciplinar. Este artigo resume, delimita e interpreta as raízes deste tipo de intervenção em Lisboa. Pretende clarificar os motivos e contexto da sua vulgarização, incluindo a situação socioeconómica, cultural e normativa, ponderando igualmente sobre os seus efeitos e limitações para o espaço edificado. Para este efeito, observa uma série de intervenções na Avenida da Liberdade, considerada o eixo urbano arquétipo da Lisboa burguesa. Da leitura de casos de estudo e do seu contexto emergem dois momentos cronológicos: o fachadismo pré-normativo entre 1980 e 1995, seguindo de um pós-normativo, que se consolida na primeira década do novo século e se reflete no momento presente.

Abstract This article focuses on the emergence and development of rehabilitation operations with façade retention and interior demolition in the city of Lisbon. This type of intervention, commonly referred to as façade work, became widespread in the city from the end of the nineteen hundreds, being supported by a cultural and socio-economic context, which would even be shaped by legislation. Interventions of façade reconstruction have antecedents in the history of Architecture and Urbanism, however, the proliferation of reverse operations is controversial in the disciplinary debate. This article summarizes, delimits and interprets the roots of this type of intervention in Lisbon. It intends to clarify the motives and context of its vulgarization, including the socio-economic, cultural and normative situation, pondering also on its effects and limitations for the built space. For this purpose, it observes a series of interventions in Avenida da Liberdade, considered the archetypical urban axis of bourgeois Lisbon. From the reading of case studies and their context two chronological moments emerge: the pre-normative façadeism between 1980 and 1995, followed by a post-normative one, which consolidates itself in the first decade of the new century and is reflected in the present moment.

Façade Retention in the City of Lisbon: origins, history and typologies

The concept of architectural place: contributions from architecture and hermeneutic philosophy

Resumo Dada a pluralidade de olhares disciplinares a que os lugares e as cidades estão sujeitos, pretende-se discutir o conceito de lugar arquitetónico a partir de duas áreas disciplinares: a arquitetura e a filosofia. Por se verificar que o modo como normalmente se reflete no campo disciplinar da arquitetura se encontra dominado pelo modelo das ciências da natureza (isto é, considerando os lugares como objetos em que apenas a forma objetiva dos edifícios que lhe deram origem é determinante não incluindo os aspetos que se prendem com os significados que cada pessoa lhe atribui), o objetivo desta reflexão é introduzir no debate um outro enfoque. Dado que a hermenêutica apela à interpretação incorporando o papel desempenhado pelos diferentes intérpretes, consideramos fundamental associar à leitura e caracterização do lugar conceitos desenvolvidos por essa disciplina tais como os conceitos de tempo, espaço, e narrativa evocados por Gadamer e Ricouer. Deste modo, para além da componente técnica e objetiva, introduzimos, na leitura do lugar, a componente significativa. Concluímos que os lugares e as cidades, para além de terem um conjunto de atributos de ordem objetiva têm também um conjunto de características não objetiváveis que fazem deles entidades únicas e irrepetíveis sendo a sua apropriação um campo de possibilidades aberto e ilimitado.

Abstract Given the plurality of disciplinary perspectives to which places and cities are subject, we intend to discuss the concept of architectural place from two disciplinary areas: architecture and philosophy. As it turns out that the way in which architecture is normally reflected in the disciplinary field of architecture is dominated by the model of the natural sciences (that is, considering places as objects in which only the objective form of the building that gave rise to it is decisive, not including the aspects related to the meanings that each person attributes to it ), the propose of this reflection is to introduce another approach in the debate. Since hermeneutics calls for interpretation and incorporates in the interpretation the role played by the different interpreters, we consider it fundamental to associate to the reading and characterization of the place concepts developed by this discipline such as the concepts of time, space, and narrative evoked by Gadamer and Ricouer. Thus, in addition to the technical and objective component, we introduce, in reading the place, the significant component. We conclude that places and cities, in addition to having a set of attributes of order, also have a set of non-objectifiable characteristics, but that make them unique and unrepeatable entities, and their appropriation is an unlimited field of possibilities.

The concept of architectural place: contributions from architecture and hermeneutic philosophy

The Fine Arts Service of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and the attribution of scholarships to architects (1960-2000)

Resumo O Serviço de Belas Artes da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian (SBA-FCG) foi criado em 1960 com o objetivo de apoiar financeiramente todos aqueles que, carecendo de recursos financeiros, quisessem desenvolver um programa de estudos inerente à prática, à investigação ou ao aperfeiçoamento artístico, no país ou no estrangeiro. A investigação em ‘Arquitetura e Urbanismo’ - desenvolvida desde 1961 no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) - era um dos vários domínios abrangidos pelas candidaturas a “Bolsas de Estudo de Especialização e Valorização Profissional em Artes” atribuídas pelo SBA-FCG. Expõe-se aqui o levantamento dos apoios concedidos por este serviço a arquitetos, para o período compreendido entre 1960-2000, procurando identificar aqueles que também desenvolveram investigação científica no LNEC. Destacamos na nossa análise as candidaturas dos arquitetos Francisco Silva Dias, Mário Krüger e José Manuel Pinto Duarte, três gerações distintas de arquitetos-investigadores. Apuram-se quais os programas de investigação desenvolvidos por estes três arquitetos, ao abrigo do financiamento da FCG, e cruzam-se com as temáticas por eles trabalhadas no LNEC. Assim, com base no material depositado nos arquivos e biblioteca da FCG e do LNEC, o presente artigo oferece uma sistematização de informação inédita, permitindo uma atualização do estado da arte da investigação em arquitetura e urbanismo desenvolvida e experimentada em Portugal. Finalmente, conclui-se a importância dos apoios concedidos pelo SBA-FCG para a aquisição e aperfeiçoamento de técnicas de investigação no estrangeiro, e sua aplicação e difusão em Portugal, designadamente no LNEC.

Abstract The Fine Arts Service of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (SBA-FCG) was created in 1960 with the objective of providing financial support to all of those who, lacking financial resources, wanted to develop a program of studies inherent to practice, research or artistic improvement, in the country or abroad. Research in 'Architecture and Urbanism' emerged in 1961 at the Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC) and was one of the main research areas covered by the applications for “Grants for Specialization and Professional Development in Arts” awarded by the SBA-FCG. This study exposes the results of a survey conducted to the grants provided by SBA-FCG to architects, for the period between 1960-2000, and it verifies whom among those financed were architects that also conducted research at LNEC. We analyze here the applications of the architects Francisco Silva Dias, Mário Krüger and José Manuel Pinto Duarte, three different generations of architect-researchers. The research programs developed by these three architects under FCG funding are here analyzed and confronted with the research themes developed at LNEC. Thus, based on material available at the archives and library of the FCG and LNEC, this article updates the state of the art about research in architecture and urbanism developed and experimented in Portugal. Finally, it concludes, that the financial support granted by the SBA-FCG was most important to the acquisition and improvement of research techniques developed internationally and their consequent application and dissemination in Portugal, namely at LNEC.

The Fine Arts Service of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and the attribution of scholarships to architects (1960-2000)

The gender of commute

Abstract It is inadequate that the phrase “women in architecture” embeds primarily the names of unknown or long forgotten female architects, or refers to contemporary female architects who are labelled and therefore indefinably distinguished from other professionals in their field. Although the numbers and importance of the roles that women are claiming in architecture, hence the production of space, today are growing, the questions which can be associated with the meaning of the phrase “women in architecture” remain and become more complex. The binary nature of the phrase calls for a deeper insight into the position of women in today’s built environment: who are the (female) architects of our world and what role they play can hardly be separated from questions related to the space which women are permitted, by cultural as well as socio-economic circumstances, to participate in or have control over. The deterioration of territorial rights, which progressed in parallel with perceived emancipation of women, may play a crucial role in our understanding of the female architect’s commission and her responsibility to women’s everyday experience.

The gender of commute

Critical Review of Space, Place and Territory: Figures of Contemporary Portuguese Thought