Características dinâmicas de movimentos seleccionados do basquetebol

 

Fernanda M. Acquesta

Germano M. Peneireiro

Roberto Bianco

Alberto C. Amadio

Júlio C. Serrão

Laboratório de Biomecânica, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo

 

 

Resumo

O objectivo do estudo se pautou em determinar as características de parâmetros das forças de reacção do solo (FRS) em movimentos típicos do basquetebol executados por jogadores profissionais. Também se objectivou determinar correlações entre o desempenho nos saltos e sua carga mecânica durante as aterrissagens. Oito atletas realizaram cinco tentativas em seis movimentos: arremesso em suspensão (jump), salto com contramovimento (jump & reach), bandeja, rebote e corrida com bola rápida (v=6m/s) e lenta (v=4m/s). Os parâmetros dinâmicos da FRS foram colectados através de uma plataforma de força (KISTLER AG 9287). Os resultados do primeiro pico da força vertical na aterrissagem, do tempo para o para o pico e do impulso foram: no jump 4,54 ± 1,10 PC, 0,08 ± 0,01s, 0,13 ± 0,04 PC.s; no rebote 5,39 ± 1,26 PC, 0,07 ± 0,01s, 0,18 ± 0,04 PC.s; e na bandeja 7,27 ± 2,71 PC, 0,08 ± 0,13 s, 0,24 ± 0,04 PC.s. Os resultados evidenciam que o aparelho locomotor é submetido a uma carga mecânica relativamente alta durante os movimentos. As baixas correlações entre o desempenho do salto e o primeiro pico da força vertical na aterrissagem (0,44 no jump; 0.22 no rebote; e 0.34 na bandeja) sugerem que o desempenho do salto não tem influência determinante na carga gerada.

Palavras-chave: biomecânica, basquetebol, força de reacção do solo, carga, desempenho

 

 

Abstract

Dynamical characteristics of basketball specific movements

The purpose of this study was to evaluate dynamical parameters of the ground reaction force (GRF) in specific basketball movements performed by Brazilian professional players. It was also aimed to determine correlations between jump performance and its impact shock during landings. Eight athletes performed 5 trials in each movement: jump shot, jump and reach, layup, rebound and dribble at two different speeds (control: v=4m/s and speed: v=6m/s). Dynamical parameters of GRF were sampled by a force platform (KISTLER AG 9287). Results of the first peak of vertical force in landing, peak rise time and impulse were, respectively: in jump shot 4.54 ± 1.10 BW, 0.08 ± 0.01s, and 0.13 ± 0.04 BW.s; in rebound 5.39 ± 1.26 BW, 0.07 ± 0.01s, and 0.18 ± 0.04 BW.s; and in layup 7.27 ± 2.71 BW, 0.08 ± 0.13 s, and 0.24 ± 0.04 BW.s. These results showed that the player´s body is submitted to a relatively high impact shock during basketball movements. The low correlations between jump high and the first peak of vertical force (r=0.44 in jump shot, r=0.22 in rebound, and r=0.34 in layup) demonstrated that jump performance did not have a relevant influence on impact shock during landings.

Key-words: biomechanics, basketball, ground reaction force, load, performance.

 

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Correspondência

Fernanda Michelone Acquesta

Rua do Manifesto, 2810 – Ipiranga – CEP 04209-003 - São Paulo SP, Brasil

ou

Laboratório de Biomecânica da Escola de Educação Física e Esporte da Universidade de São Paulo.

Av. Mello Moraes, 65 - Cidade Universitária,

CEP 05508-900 São Paulo SP, Brasil.

e-mail: acquesta@usp.br