O Doente Cirrótico na Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos: Avaliação do Prognóstico

 

Paulo Freire, José Manuel Romãozinho, Manuela Ferreira, Pedro Amaro, Maximino Correia Leitão

Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra;

Correspondência

 

RESUMO

INTRODUÇÃO: Os doentes com cirrose hepática admitidos em Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) têm um prognóstico particularmente reservado. O prognóstico destes doentes pode ser avaliado com scores gerais (SOFA, APACHE, SAPS) ou com scores específicos de cirrose hepática (MELD, Child-Pugh). OBJECTIVOS: Avaliar o valor prognóstico dos scores gerais (SOFA, APACHE e SAPS) e dos scores específicos de cirrose hepática (MELD e Child-Pugh) em doentes com cirrose hepática admitidos em UCI polivalentes ou em Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos de Gastrenterologia (UCIGE). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Os autores fazem uma revisão da literatura sobre a avaliação do prognóstico de doentes com cirrose hepática admitidos em ICUs e relatam também a sua experiência sobre esta temática no contexto duma UCIGE incluindo a análise de 124 internamentos. RESULTADOS: Nos diversos estudos efectuados em doentes com cirrose hepática admitidos em UCI polivalentes, os diferentes scores gerais e específicos revelaram um bom poder discriminativo, ou seja, com uma área sob a curva ROC (AUC) > 0,7. Considerando os seis estudos mais representativos, o valor médio da AUC dos scores SOFA, APACHE II, APACHE III, MELD e Child-Pugh foi 0,86, 0,74, 0,81, 0,79 e 0,77, respectivamente. O estudo de 124 internamentos consecutivos na UCIGE de doentes com cirrose hepática revelou que os doentes que faleceram pertenciam todos à classe C de Child-Pugh e tinham valores médios dos scores SOFA, APACHE II, SAPS II e MELD significativamente superiores aos dos doentes que não faleceram (10,1, 22,0, 47,5 e 30,7 nos que faleceram e 3,5, 13,6, 25,4 e 18,0 nos que não faleceram, respectivamente; p >< 0,05). Conclusões: Tanto os scores gerais como os específicos de cirrose hepática têm valor prognóstico na avaliação do risco de doentes com cirrose hepática internados em UCI polivalentes ou em UCIGE. Nas UCI polivalentes os scores gerais, e em particular o SOFA, apresentam melhor capacidade prognóstica do que os scores específicos de cirrose hepática.

PALAVRAS CHAVE: Cirrose hepática, Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, scores prognósticos.

 

The Cirrhotic Patient in the Intensive Care Unit: Evaluation of the Prognosis

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Cirrhotic patients admitted in Intensive Care Units (ICU) have a poor prognosis. The prognosis of these patients can be evaluated with general scores (SOFA, APACHE, SAPS) or with specific scoring systems for liver disease (MELD, Child-Pugh). AIMS: To evaluate the prognostic value of general scores (SOFA, APACHE and SAPS) and of liver-specific scores (MELD and Child-Pugh) in patients with liver cirrhosis admitted to general ICUs or to Gastroenterology Intensive Care Units (GICU). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors present a literature review on the assessment of the prognosis of cirrhotic patients admitted to ICUs and also report your experience on this issue in the context of a specialized GICU including the analysis of 124 admissions. RESULTS: In several studies on patients with liver cirrhosis admitted to general ICUs, both general and liver-specific scores showed good discrimination, with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (>AUC) > 0.7. Considering the six most representative studies, the mean value of AUC on SOFA, APACHE II, APACHE III, MELD and Child-Pugh scores was 0.86, 0.74, 0.81, 0.79 and 0.77, respectively. The study of 124 consecutive cirrhotic admissions to a GICU showed that patients who died belonged exclusively to the class C of Child-Pugh and had average values of SOFA, APACHE II, SAPS II and MELD scores significantly higher than those of the patients who survived (10.1, 22.0, 47.5 and 30.7 in those who died and 3.5, 13.6, 25.3 and 18.0 in those who survived, respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both general scores and liver-specific scores have prognostic value in the risk assessment of patients with liver cirrhosis admitted to general ICUs or to GICUs. In the ICUs the general scores, and particularly the SOFA score, have better prognostic ability than the liver-specific scores.

KEYWORDS: Liver cirrhosis, intensive care units, prognostic scores.

 

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Correspondência: Paulo André Vinagreiro Freire, Rua de Santo Cristo, nº24 1ºdireito, 3020-198 Eiras – Coimbra – Portugal; Telemóvel: +351 968 921 251; E-mail. pauloavfreire@gmail.com.

 

Recebido para Publicação: 20/01/2010 e Aceite para Publicação: 07/11/2010.