Comparação eletromiográfica do exercício abdominal dentro e fora da água

 

Evelyn S. M. Müller^1,2

Gabriela L. Black¹

Paulo P. Figueiredo¹

Luiz F. M. Kruel¹

Claudia Hanisch²

Hans J. Appell²

 

¹ Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola Superior de Educação Física, Porto Alegre, Brasil.

² Universidade Alemã de Desporto, Instituto de Fisiologia e Anatomia, Colónia, Alemanha.

 

RESUMO

Este trabalho verificou a atividade elétrica dos músculos oblíquo externo, reto femoral e das porções supra-umbilical e infra-umbilical do reto abdominal, durante a execução do exercício abdominal “sit up” em terra e água, em velocidade padrão e máxima. A amostra foi composta por 20 mulheres com idade entre 21 e 29 anos. A atividade elétrica foi medida com eletrodos de superfície. Para a normalização da amplitude do sinal foi utilizado o valor do root mean square (RMS). Para a análise estatística utilizou-se o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk e a ANOVA a três fatores. Os resultados demonstraram que o exercício na velocidade máxima, realizado em terra e no meio líquido, apresentou uma atividade EMG maior que o exercício realizado na velocidade padrão, com exceção do reto femoral. Ao analisar a fase ascendente no exercício aquático na velocidade máxima, observa-se que o reto abdominal e o oblíquo externo demonstraram uma atividade EMG tão eficiente quanto o mesmo exercício em terra. Demostrando, com isso, que a instabilidade da posição horizontal e a resistência ao movimento compensam a diminuição do peso hidrostático. O mesmo comportamento não ocorre na velocidade padrão.

Palavras-chave: abdominal, eletromiografia, meio aquático, meio terrestre, velocidade.

 

ABSTRACT

Electromyografic comparison of abdominal exercises in and out of water.

The electric activity of the obliqus externus abdominis, rectus femoris and the upper and lower portions of the rectus abdominis muscles were monitored during the "sit up" exercise in two different conditions land and water. Twenty women aged 21-29 year were studied. The electric activity was measured with surface electrodes. The value root mean square (RMS) of the ascending phase of this exercise was used for the normalization of the signal amplitude that was collected during the other variations of speed and conditions. The exercise was performed in a standard rhythm and at maximum speed. For each muscle, ANOVA was used for the factors phase, speed, and condition. The Shapiro-Wilk test of normality was applied. When the exercise was performed at maximum speed, the observed EMG activity was stronger than at standard speed, both in water and on land. The EMG activity of the rectus femoris at maximum speed in water was lower than on land. When analyzing the ascending phase in water at maximum speed, the abdominal muscles showed as much as EMG on land. These results demonstrate that the instability of the horizontal position and the resistance against the movement compensate the reduction of the weight by the effect hydrostatic pressure when the exercise is executed at maximum speed. The same pattern did not occur at standard speed.

Key Words: abdominal muscles, electromyography, water, land, velocity.

 

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CORRESPONDÊNCIA

Evelyn Souto Martins Müller

Rua Coronel Bordini, 1180, ap: 22

Bairro Auxiliadora

90440-003 Porto Alegre, RS.

BRASIL

evelynmueller@terra.com.br