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Psicologia
Print version ISSN 0874-2049
Psicologia vol.21 no.1 Lisboa 2007
Clima psicológico como preditor da saúde e do bem‑estar de profissionais de saúde em contexto hospitalar
Isabel Silva Carvalho1
Resumo: O clima psicológico, enquanto representação psicológica do ambiente de trabalho, ou seja, das estruturas, processos e acontecimentos proximais (Rousseau, 1988) e reflexo dos processos de atribuição de sentido às experiências de trabalho (Weick, 1995), tem sido considerado como uma variável explicativa importante do comportamento, saúde e bem‑estar dos indivíduos nas organizações (Parker, Baltes, Young, Huff, Altmann, Lacost & Roberts, 2003). Este estudo, com uma amostra de 375 profissionais de saúde hospitalar, tem como objectivo a análise da relação entre clima psicológico e a saúde e o bem‑estar. Tem como nível de análise o indivíduo (Reichers & Schneider, 1990), e como referencial teórico o modelo de Jones & James (1979). A saúde e o bem‑estar são avaliados através da percepção da saúde física e psicológica, vitalidade e funcionamento cognitivo e social. Os resultados apontam para o papel do clima psicológico enquanto preditor da saúde e bem‑estar, bem como para o papel de mediação da satisfação com o trabalho nesta relação. São discutidas as implicações nas intervenções de saúde ocupacional cujo objectivo seja a melhoria da qualidade de vida no trabalho.
Palavras‑chave: clima psicológico, saúde, bem‑estar, satisfação com o trabalho, profissionais de saúde.
Psychological climate as a predictor of hospital professionals health and well‑being
Abstract: Psychological climate as a proximal representation of organizational structures, processes and events (Rousseau, 1988) as well as a meaning attribution processes in the work context (Weick, 1995) as been reported as an important predictor of individual beahviour, health, and well‑being in organizations (Parker, Baltes, Young, Huff, Altmann, Lacost & Roberts, 2003). In this study we examine the relationship between psychological climate and health and well‑being of health care professionals. Drawing on Jones and James (1979) model of psychological climate, several facets of climate are measured as well as multiple dimensions of health and well‑being: perception of physical health, vitality, cognitive functioning, social functioning, and affective well‑being. Results suggested that psychological climate is a strong predictor of employees health and well‑being. Results also suggested that work satisfaction mediates the relationship between perceptions of work and environment characteristics and health and well‑being. Practical implications are discussed and interventions to improve quality of work life are suggested.
Key‑words: psychological climate, health, well‑being, work satisfaction, health care professionals.
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1 Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, Lisboa. Departamento de Psicologia Social e das Organizações. isabel.carvalho@iscte.pt.