This study focuses on two of the most relevant works of the so-called Paulista School of Sociology which has been responsible for critical theoretical and empirical work in Brazil. This school of thought has proposed that the constitution of Brazilian sociology is rooted in the historical, social and cultural singularities of Brazil, internally characterized by uneven development rhythms that require a more effective, dense and profound understanding of its various agents. Accordingly, the “Paulista School of Sociology” focuses on population contingents that suffered the most from Brazil’s historical processes of socialization and conformity to the capitalist mode of production, which remains hegemonic today. The present work carries out a comparative socio-historical analysis of the following contributions: A integração do negro nasociedade de classes, by Florestan Fernandes (2008a; 2008b); and Homens livres naordemescravocrata, by Maria Sylvia de Carvalho Franco (1997).

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