A Reestruturação do Modelo Nórdico de Educação

Ari Antikainen*

 

Este artigo discute o modelo Nórdico ou o modelo de Estado-Providência e a educação. Mostra como os processos de reestruturação estão acontecendo a nível político e a nível institucional e, ainda, como é que as estruturas básicas do modelo e exemplo nórdico, especialmente os princípios subjacentes às comprehensive schools e às escolas locais, estão a ser abandonados. Pela abordagem institucional, está a emergir um novo pacto geracional ou um modelo institucional, mas a sua legitimação e estabelecimento levarão muito tempo. As mudanças na política e na organização ocorrem de forma muito mais rápida do que nos contextos sócio-culturais. Exemplos de histórias de sucesso, como a reforma dinamarquesa do mercado laboral e o crescimento do cluster finlandês do conhecimento intensivo em TIC, abriram o caminho para esta transformação. Há ainda a possibilidade de uma estratégia de Estado-Providência e de uma estratégia de Estado Competitivo poderem coexistir.

Palavras-chave: Educação; Estado-Providência; Workfare State; modelo nórdico

 

 

Restructuring a Nordic Model in Education

This article discusses the Nordic model or pattern of welfare state and education. It shows how restructuring processes are going at policy level and institutional level. Still the basic structures of the Nordic model or pattern, especially the principles of comprehensive schools and local schools, are left. By the institutional approach, a new path generation or institutional pattern is emerging, but its legitimization and establishment will take a long time. Changes in policy and organization are much faster than in sociocultural settings. Such success stories like the Danish labour market reform and the rise of the Finnish knowledge intensive ICT cluster have paved the way for this transformation. There is still a possibility that a welfare-state strategy and a competition-state strategy will coexist.

Keywords: Education; Welfare State; Workfare State; Nordic model

 

 

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^*Departamento de Sociologia da Universidade de Joensuu, na Finlândia. Presidente do Research Committee 04, Sociologia da Educação, da Associação Internacional de Sociologia, ari.antikainen@joensuu.fi

Tradução e revisão científica do original em Inglês de Madalena Mendes, com a colaboração de António Teodoro