Abstract

MOLLIER, Jean-Yves. From Cérémonies de L’information to Documentation française, the many faces of French propaganda. População e Sociedade [online]. 2019, n.32, pp.132-143.  Epub July 01, 2022. ISSN 0873-1861.

The Journal Officiel de la République Française was born in 1868, at the end of the Second French Empire, under an authoritarian system longing for the direct control over all communication emanated by the government. However, since 1789, France had an official gazette, known as Moniteur Universel, which published the decisions of the new Parliament, the Assemblée National, which became the Assemblée Nationale Constituante. From 1789 to 1868, the Moniteur Universel played the role of France official newspaper, whatever the regime, but it was held by a private publisher, whose independence ended up annoying the Government, which decided to create its own official communication instrument, the Journal Officiel. After the fall of Napoleon III and the establishment of the Third Republic, Le Temps was often used and considered as the unofficial newspaper of the government. In the same way, the Havas agency, greatly subsidized in the 1930s, became a kind of semi-official agency before being nationalized in 1945. Finally, the creation of the Documentation française, that year, reinforced the communication from public authorities which, together with AFP (Agence France-Presse) and ORTF (Office de la Radio-Télévision Française), were now able to truly control information. With the legalization of free radio in 1981, the creation of private television channels in 1986 and the reduction of state powers in the 1990s, this two-centuries old inherited system of state power building began to disappear.

Keywords : Information; Press; Propaganda; Radio; Television.

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