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Arquivos de Medicina
On-line version ISSN 2183-2447
Abstract
SOARES, Rui; ARMINDO, Rui Duarte and ROCHA, Graça. The immunodeficiency and the immune system: The role in HIV carriers. Arq Med [online]. 2014, vol.28, n.4, pp.113-121. ISSN 2183-2447.
With the 21st century already here, AIDS is still responsible for thousands of deaths around the world. Many studies face AIDS from different points of view: AIDS as an infectious disease, AIDS as a sexually transmitted disease, AIDS as a pandemy, but it’s important not to forget that AIDS is an immune disease, an immunodeficiency. The main objective of this review is to relate AIDS with the different groups of immunodeficiencies, while also explaining the interaction of HIV with the patient’s immune system. Recurring and quoting the latest national and international literature published on the subject and some acclaimed text books, it is presented a brief explanation of the basic mechanisms of human immunity so that a structured comprehension of the related pathology is achieved and the AIDS subject reached. Natural and acquired immunity, primary and secondary immunodeficiencies are approached. It’s presented a semiologic characterization of AIDS, always with the other immunodeficiencies in mind and having the reviewed structure of the immune system taken into account. The clinical and laboratory criteria from USA’s CDC (Center for Disease Control) that define a case of AIDS allow the creation of a schematic algorithm for its differential diagnose with which this article is concluded.
Keywords : aids diagnosis; immunity; immunodeficiency; cellular response.