Abstract

SIMAO, Licínia. The crises of the Liberal order. Relações Internacionais [online]. 2019, n.63, pp.39-51. ISSN 1645-9199.  https://doi.org/10.23906/ri2019.63a04.

The idea that the liberal order is in crisis has been advanced by well-established academics and several world leaders. The reasons for the crisis, its depth and implications are, however, disputed, requiring our ability to map and synthetize arguments and facts. This article contributes to this goal, identifying the structural elements of the liberal order and the central arguments surrounding the idea of its crisis. Although it is hard to reconcile the different viewpoints, it becomes evident that it is perhaps more useful to refer to the crises of the liberal order, since the challenges to the existing post-World War II structures are now felt at different points and in a way that is interconnected, reflecting the nature of the liberal system that is in place.

Keywords : crises; liberal order; democracy; capitalism; nationalism; populism.

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