O discurso do eleitorado

Joaquim Aguiar

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¹ Paul F. Lazarsfeld, The People's Choice, Columbia University Press, 1988; Seymour Martin Lipset, Political Man, the social bases of politics, Anchor Books, 1963, e Consensus and Conflict, Transaction Publishers, 1985; Seymour Martin Lipset e Stein Rokkan, Party Systems and Voter Alignments, Free Press, 1967; Arend Lijphart, Patterns of Democracy, government forms and performance in thirty-six countries, Yale University Press, 1999; Stein Rokkan, Citizens, Elections, Parties: approaches to the comparative study of the processes of development, McKay-University Press, 1970.        [ Links ]

² Angus Campbell, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller e Donald E. Stokes, The American Voter, University of Chicago Press, 1980 (ed. original de 1960); Warren E. Miller e J. Merril Shanks, The New American Voter, Harvard Universisty Press, 1996; Ian Budge, David Robertson e Derek Hearl, Ideology, Strategy and Party Change: spatial analysis of post-war election programmes in 19 democracies, Cambridge University Press, 1987.

³ Anthony Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy, Harper Collins Publishers, 1957, e Political Theory and Public Choice, Edward Elgar Publishers, 1998; Ian Budge, Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Andrea Volkens, Judith Bara e Eric Tanenbaum, Mapping Policy Preferences: estimates for parties, electors, and governments 1945-1998, Oxford University Press, 2001.

⁴ Giovanni Sartori, Parties and Party Systems: a framework for analysis, Cambridge University Press, 1976.

⁵ Georges Balandier, Le pouvoir sur scènes, Éditions Balland, 1992; Giovanni Sartori, Homo Videns, la sociedad teledirigida, Taurus, 1998.

⁶ Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Routledge, 2001, e Economy and Society: an outline of interpretive sociology, University of California Press, 1978; Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, Harper, 1962; Norbert Elias, The Society of Individuals, Continuum, 2001, The Civilizing Process: sociogenetic and psychogenetic investigations, Blackwell Publishers, 2000, The Germans: power struggles and the development of habitus in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Polity Press, 1996, e Norbert Elias par lui-même, Fayard, 1991.

⁷ Esta também é a dificuldade que se encontra em Pierre Bourdieu, que, partindo de Weber e sendo directamente inspirado por Elias, restringe a análise das flutuações quando lhe impõe uma hiper-racionalização pela via do exercício da dominação.

⁸ Albert O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice and Loyalty: responses to decline in firms, organizations, and States, Harvard University Press, 2006.

⁹ O texto de base para a distinção entre sociologia da política e sociologia política é Giovanni Sartori, «From the sociology of politics to political sociology», publicado em Politics and the Social Sciences, ed. por Seymour Martin Lipset, Oxford University Press, 1969.