Análise Social
ISSN 0003-2573
LARANJA, Manuel. A inovação que não necessita de I&D: sugestões para uma política de inovação tecnológica centrada na difusão e na procura. []. , 175, pp.319-343. ISSN 0003-2573.
^lpt^aO argumento central neste artigo é que nas actuais políticas de inovação se dá grande importância ao investimento tangível (modernização de máquinas e equipamentos) nas empresas ou aos projectos de I&D e às estruturas de apoios públicos às actividades científicas, mas não têm sido considerados apoios à inovação nas PMEs. Propomos, portanto, um conjunto de instrumentos, programas e configurações institucionais que a nosso ver, são necessários para promover políticas de tecnologia e inovação centradas nas empresas e na difusão.^lfr^aLe propos de cet article est danalyser les fondements inhérents à une politique dinnovation au Portugal. Largument central réside dans labsence dune politique dinnovation orientée vers les besoins et le modèle de la demande des entreprises, en accordant une attention particulière à ladoption et à la diffusion de capacités intangibles. Limportance est normalement attribuée à linvestissement tangible (modernisation des machines et équipements) dans les entreprises, aux projets de R&D ou aux structures daide publique aux activités scientifiques, mais sans tenir compte des nécessités spécifiques des PMEs. Pour la plupart des ces dernières, linnovation ne repose pas sur la R&D en sens strict, et lachat de nouveaux équipements nen constitue que le premier pas. Pour ces mêmes PMEs, linnovation dépend de la conjugaison de «pièces» de technologie et connaissance préexistantes, dans des domaines tels que le génie, le design, la qualité, la gestion de la production, la gestion de la chaîne de valeur, etc. Cest dans ce sens que nous proposons un ensemble dinstruments, de programmes et de configurations institutionnelles qui sont, quant à nous, nécessaires à la promotion de politiques de technologie et innovation centrées sur les entreprises et sur la diffusion.^len^aIn this article we propose to analyze the foundations for an innovation policy in Portugal. The core argument is that what has been lacking is an innovation policy directed at satisfying the needs and pattern of demand of corporations, with special attention being given to the adoption and dissemination of intangible capabilities. Due importance is given to tangible investment in companies (modernization of machinery and equipment), to R&D plans and to structures of state support for scientific activities, but the specific needs of SMEs have not been taken into account. For most SMEs innovation is not based on R&D in the strict sense of the term, and the purchase of new equipment is merely the first step. For most SMEs innovation depends on combining existing «bits» of technology and knowledge, in areas such as engineering, design, quality, production management, and managing the value chain, etc. So we suggest a set of tools, programmes and institutional set-ups which in our view are necessary for promoting technological and innovation policies focused on companies and on dissemination.
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