RAMOS, Rui. Oligarchy and boss rule in Oliveira Martins, Joaquín Costa and Gaetano Mosca (c. 1880-c. 1900). []. , 178, pp.31-53. ISSN 0003-2573.

This essay examines the critiques of parliamentary liberalism in As Eleições (1878), by Oliveira Martins, Oligarquia y Caciquismo (1901), by Joaquín Costa, and Teorica dei Governi (1884), by Gaetano Mosca, in the context of changes which took place in liberal political culture in southern Europe at the end of the nineteenth century, and suggests that they should be seen as a kind of negative utopia.

: Política liberal; Crítica; Liberalismo; Cultura.

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