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Revista de Ciências Agrárias

 ISSN 0871-018X

FERRAO, José Eduardo Mendes. Na linha dos descobrimentos dos séculos XV e XVI Intercâmbio de plantas entre a África Ocidental e a América. []. , 36, 2, pp.250-269. ISSN 0871-018X.

^lpt^aNos Descobrimentos dos séculos XV e VI, o contacto dos europeus com as especiarias orientais era objetivo prioritário. Os portugueses rumaram para sul, procurando passagem entre os Oceanos Atlântico e Índico, os espanhóis para oeste, ambos condicionados pela repartição Papal entre os dois, das terras descobertas ou conquistadas. Os portugueses acompanharam a costa africana, atingiram Cabo Verde. Conhecedores do regime dos ventos alísios do hemisfério norte, rumaram a sudoeste, atingiram o Brasil, regressando à Angra de Santa Helena perto do Cabo da Boa Esperança. As ligações entre a costa ocidental africana e América intensificaram-se com a escravatura destinada às atividades da grande cultura agrícola nas colónias americanas dos povos europeus: portugueses, espanhóis, franceses, holandeses e ingleses. Da costa ocidental africana, introduziram-se na América plantas consumidas pelos escravos originalmente: milho-zaburro, palmeira-dendém, inhames; mais industriais: coqueiro, gengibre, bananeiras e cana-sacarina, estas não africanas, já aí chegadas. Contrariamente, da América para a costa ocidental africana, introduziram-se: mandioca, batata-doce, pimentos, tomateiros, milho-maíz, tabaco, inhames, ananases, várias frutas e, posteriormente, cafeeiro-arábica e cacaueiro, «árvores de sombra» para estas duas culturas, purgueira e carrapato. Sobre estas plantas fornecem-se algumas notas explicativas da forma como ocorreu este intercâmbio.^len^aOn Discoveries of 15th and 16th centuries, which the East Spices were the main target, the Portuguese went south searching for path between the Atlantic and Indian Ocean; the Spanish went to West, both of them conditioned by division of Pope concerning discoveries or conquests realms. The Portuguese went through African Coast reaching Cape Verde. Knowing the Northern Hemisphere Alisian winds, they went southwest to Brazil, returning to Angra de Santa Helena, near the Cape of Good Hope. The connections between the African East Coast and America were intensified due to the slavery needed for the farming activities on the American colonies of the Europeans: Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch and English. From the West Coast of Africa, were introduced in America a variety of plants that the salves used to consume in their homelands, corn zaburro, palm oil, yams; and more industrial ones: coconuts, ginger, bananas and sugar cane, these not of African origin, had already been introduced. Contrary, from America to Africa West Coast, were introduced: cassava, sweet potato, chilies, tomatoes, maize, tobacco, yams, pineapple, several fruits, and later, coffee Arabica and cacao, shady trees for both cultures and physic nut and Mauritius hemp. About these plants, are presented some notes as this interchange was made.

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