PINHO, Liliana et al. Miliary tuberculosis in the XXI century: a case report. []. , 23, 3, pp.151-154. ISSN 0872-0754.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is still a serious public health problem. Young age and HIV infection are important risk factors for severe or disseminated disease. Case report: We report the case of a three-year-old girl who presented a prolonged fever without a source on physical examination. Initial laboratory findings were suggestive of urinary tract infection and empirical antibiotic therapy was started. Urine culture confirmed that diagnosis, but fever had persisted. On complementary investigation, chest X-ray revealed an infiltrate with a miliary pattern. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated on gastric aspirate, cerebrospinal fluid and urine. Antituberculous therapy and corticoid were initiated with significant clinical improvement. Conclusions: Even in this era of advanced medical technology, tuberculosis is still a diagnostic challenge, especially when the presentation is atypical and extra-pulmonary. A high index of suspicion by the physician is required because prompt institution of adequate treatment is decisive for final outcome.

: Children; miliary; tuberculosis.

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