MENDES, José Amado. Nonprofit organizations: social responsibility based on values, 1820-1910. []. , ser2, 15, pp.27-44.   01--2021. ISSN 2183-3176.

Nonprofit or third sector organizations have not received the deserved attention from researchers. However, especially in the second half of the 1800s, they have considerable relevance, as industrialization becomes intensified and due to its effects on the most disadvantaged. With the migration of the labor to the urban or more industrialized centers, the number of people in need grew. So, the associative movement - mutual organizations, cooperatives, class associations, and unions - contributed in a notorious way to support jointly and mutually the neediest. These were the roots of the movement that have gained strength in the last decades and which under several names perform a function like that of the 1800s associations, with the necessary adaptations to the actual context.

: Associativism; Social responsibility; Third sector; Values.

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