Serviços Personalizados
Journal
Artigo
Indicadores
- Citado por SciELO
- Acessos
Links relacionados
- Similares em SciELO
Compartilhar
Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas
versão impressa ISSN 0873-6529
Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas n.53 Oeiras jan. 2007
Working Parents' use of work-life policies
Laura den Dulk* and Bram Peper**
Abstract
In this paper, we examine working parents use of work-life policies in three financial sector organizations in the Netherlands. We analyse the barriers and support regarding the actual take up of work-life policies by working parents and to what extent this in turn influence their experienced work-life balance. We collected survey data in three Dutch financial sector organizations: one public sector organization and two private firms. All three differ considerably regarding their organizational culture and working practices. Two of the organizations are characterised by a contradictory work-life culture, and one by an approving work-life culture. Findings point out that household characteristics and the work-life culture in the organization determine the take up of work-life policies. With respect to the work-life balance of working parents, organizational culture is an important determinant, no impact is found of the utilization of policies.
Key-words working parents, work-life policies, organizational culture, policy utilization, work-life balance.
Resumo
Utilização das políticas de conciliação da vida profissional com a vida privada pelos pais trabalhadores
Neste artigo, examinamos a utilização das políticas de conciliação entre a vida profissional e a vida privada pelos pais trabalhadores, em três organizações do sector financeiro dos Países Baixos. Analisamos os obstáculos e os apoios a uma utilização efectiva destas políticas pelos pais trabalhadores e a medida em que ela influencia, por sua vez, o equilíbrio por estes sentido entre a sua vida profissional e familiar. Recolhemos dados de inquérito em três organizações do sector financeiro holandês: numa organização do sector público e em duas empresas privadas. As três diferem consideravelmente quanto à cultura organizativa e às práticas laborais. Duas das organizações são caracterizadas por uma cultura contrária à conciliação entre a vida profissional e a vida privada e a outra por uma cultura que lhe é favorável. Os resultados indicam que as características do agregado familiar e a cultura da organização nesta matéria determinam a utilização das políticas de conciliação entre a vida profissional e a vida privada. No que respeita ao equilíbrio entre a vida profissional e a vida familiar dos pais trabalhadores, a cultura da organização é uma determinante fundamental, não se encontrando qualquer impacto da utilização das políticas.
Palavras-chave pais trabalhadores, políticas de conciliação trabalho-família, cultura organizatizacional, utilização das políticas, equilíbrio trabalho-família.
Résumé
Utilisation des politiques de conciliation de la vie professionnelle avec la vie privée par les parents qui travaillent
Cet article analyse lutilisation des politiques de conciliation entre vie professionnelle et vie privée par les parents qui travaillent, au sein de trois organisation du secteur financier des Pays-Bas. Il analyse les obstacles et les aides à une utilisation effective de ces aides par les parents qui travaillent et dans quelle mesure elle influence, à son tour, léquilibre quils ressentent entre leur vie professionnelle et leur vie familiale. Les données de lenquête ont été recueillies au sein de trois organisations du secteur financier hollandais: une organisation du secteur public et deux du secteur privé. Leur différence est considérable quant à la culture organisationnelle et aux pratiques de travail. Deux des organisations sont caractérisées par une culture contraire à la conciliation entre vie professionnelle et vie privée et lautre par une culture qui lui est favorable. Les résultats indiquent que les caractéristiques du ménage et la culture de lorganisation concernant cette question déterminent lutilisation des politiques de conciliation entre vie professionnelle et vie privée. Quant à léquilibre entre vie professionnelle et vie familiale des parents qui travaillent, la culture de lorganisation est un facteur essentiel, aucun impact de lutilisation des politiques nétant observé.
Mots-clés parents qui travaillent, politiques de conciliation de la vie professionnelle avec la vie privée, culture organisationnelle, utilisation des politiques, équilibre entre vie professionnelle et vie familiale.
Resumen
Utilización de las políticas de conciliación de la vida profesional con la vida privada por los padres trabajadores
En este artículo examinamos las políticas de conciliación entre la vida profesional y la vida privada de los padres trabajadores, en tres organizaciones del sector financiero de los Países Bajos Analizamos los obstáculos y apoyos en la utilización de estas políticas por padres trabajadores y a su vez, en que medida ellas influyen en el equilibrio entre vida profesional y familiar. Recogimos datos de encuestas en tres organizaciones del sector financiero holandés: una organización del sector público y dos empresas privadas. Las tres difieren en forma considerable en relación a la cultura organizativa y a las prácticas laborales. Dos de las organizaciones se caracterizan por una cultura contraria a la conciliación entre la vida profesional y la privada y otra por una cultura que le es favorable. Los resultados indican que la características del agregado familiar y la cultura de organización en esta materia determinan la utilización de las políticas de conciliación entre la vida profesional y la vida privada. En lo que respecta al equilibrio entre la vida profesional y familiar de padres trabajadores, la cultura de organización es un factor fundamental, si no se encuentra algún impacto en la utilización de dichas políticas.
Palabras-clave padres trabajadores, política de vida profesional, cultura de organización, política en uso, conciliación trabajo-vida.
Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.
Full text only available in PDF format.
References
Allaart, P.C., et al. (1992), Trendrapportage Vraag naar Arbeid 1992, Den Haag, OSA, Organisatie voor Strategisch Arbeidsmarktonderzoek. [ Links ]
Allen, T.D. (2001), Family-supportive work environments: The role of organizational perceptions, Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 58 (3), pp. 414-435.
Anderson, S.E., B.S. Coffey, and R. T. Byerly (2002), Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work-family conflict and job-related outcomes, Journal of Management, 28 (6), pp. 787-810.
Appelbaum, E.T. Bailey, P. Berg, and A. Kalleberg (2005), Organizations and the intersection of work and family: a comparative perspective, in S. Ackroyd, R. Batt, P. Thompson and P.S. Tolbert (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Work and Organization, Oxford, Nova Iorque, Oxford University Press, pp. 52-73.
Bekker, S., D.J.A.G. Fouarge, M. Kerkhofs, A. Román, M. de Voogd-Hamelink, T. Wilthagen, and C. de Wolff (2003), Trendrapportage Vraag naar Arbeid 2002, Tilburg, OSA, Organisatie voor Strategisch Arbeidsmarktonderzoek.
Bekker, S., A. Gielen, M. Kerkhofs, H. Meihuizen, A. Román, J. Schippers, and M. de Voogd-Hamelink (2005), Trendrapportage Vraag naar Arbeid 2004, Tilburg, OSA, Organisatie voor Strategisch Arbeidsmarktonderzoek.
Bernasco, W., A.M. de Voogd-Hamelink, A.M. de Vosse, and C.M.M.P. Wetzels (1998), Trendrapportage Vraag naar Arbeid 1998, Den Haag, OSA, Organisatie voor Strategisch Arbeidsmarktonderzoek.
Blair-Loy, M., and A. S. Wharton (2002), Employees use of work-family policies and the workplace social context, Social Forces, 80 (3), pp. 813-845.
Budd, J.W., and K.Mumford (2005), Family-Friendly Work Practices in Britain: Availability and Perceived Accessibility, discussion paper no. 1662, Bonn, The Institute for the Study of Labour (IZA).
Clark, S. Campbell (2000), Work/Family Border Theory: A New Theory of Work/Family Balance, Human Relations, 53 (6), pp. 747-770.
Dikkers, J., S. Geurts, L. den Dulk, B. Peper, and M. Kompier (2004), Relations among work-home culture, the utilization of work-home arrangements, and work-home interference, International Journal of Stress Management, 11 (4), pp. 323-345.
Dikkers, J.S.E., L. den Dulk, S.A.E. Geurts, and B. Peper (2005), Work-nonwork culture, utilization of work-nonwork arrangements, and employee-related outcomes in two Dutch organizations, in S.A.Y. Poelmans (ed.), Work and Family: An International Research Perspective, Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 147-172.
Dikkers, J.S.E., S.A.E. Geurts, L. den Dulk, B. Peper, T.W. Taris, and M.A.J. Kompier (forthcoming), A Typology of Work-Home Culture: Relations with the Utilization of Work-Home Arrangements and Work-Home Interaction.
Doorne-Huiskes, J. van (1992), Betaalde en onbetaalde arbeid: over oude spanningen en nieuwe uitdagingen, Christine de Pisan reeks, Rotterdam, Erasmus Univeriteit Rotterdam.
Doorne-Huiskes, A. van (2001), Veranderende arbeidspatronen: naar een balans tussen werk en privé?, in P. Ester and R. Muffels (eds.), Flexibilisering, Organisatie en Employability, Coutinho, pp. 75-94.
Dulk, L. den (2001). Work-Family Arrangements in Organisations: A Cross-National Study in the Netherlands, Italy, the United Kingdom and Sweden, Amsterdam, Rozenberg Publishers.
Dulk, L. den B. Peper, and A. van Doorne-Huiskes (2005) Work and family life in Europe: employment patterns of working parents across welfare states, in B. Peper, A. van Doorne-Huiskes and L. den Dulk (eds.), Flexible Working and Organisational Change: The Integration of Work and Personal Life, Cheltenham, Edgar Elgar.
Dulk, L. den and J. de Ruijter (2005). Werk/privé cultuur en de houding van managers ten aanzien van werk/privé beleid in de financïele sector, Gedrag en Organisatie, vol. 18 (5), pp. 260-275.
Dulk, L. den, and A. van Doorne-Huiskes (2007), Social policy in Europe: its impact on families and work, in R. Crompton, S. Lewis and C. Lyonette (Eds.), Women, Men, Work and Family in Europe, Basingstoke, Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillan.
Eaton, S.C. (2003), If you can use them: flexibility policies, organizational commitment, and perceived performance, Industrial Relations, 42 (2), pp. 145-167.
Esping-Andersen, G. (1999), Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies, Oxford/New York, Oxford University Press.
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2006), Working Time and Work-Life Balance in European Companies: Establishment Survey on Working Time 2004-2005, Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Evans, J.M. (2001), Firms Contribution to the Reconciliation Between Work and Family Life (occasional paper), OECD.
Forth, J., S. Lissenburgh, C. Callender, and N. Millward (1997), Family Friendly Working Arrangements in Britain, 1996 (research report no. 16), Policy Studies Institute, Department for Education and Employment.
Fouarge, D.J.A.G., M.J.M. Kerkhofs, A.M. de Voogd-Hamelink, J.P.M. Vosse, and C.J. de Wolff (2001), Trendrapportage Vraag naar Arbeid 2000, Den Haag, OSA, Organisatie voor Strategisch Arbeidsmarktonderzoek.
Gambles, R., S. Lewis, and R. Rapoport (2006), The Myth of Work-Life Balance: The Challenge of Our Time for Men, Women and Societies, Wiley.
Goodstein, J. D. (1994), Institutional pressures and strategic responsiveness: employer involvement in work-family issues, Academy of Management Journal, 27 (2), pp. 350-382.
Grootscholte, M., J. A. Bouwmeester, and P. de Klaver (2000), Evaluatie wet op het ouderschapsverlof: Onderzoek onder rechthebbenden en werkgevers (eindrapport), Den Haag, Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid.
Haas, L.L., and P. Hwang (1999), Parental leave in Sweden, in P. Moss and F. Deven (eds.), Parental Leave: Progress or Pitfall? Research and Policy Issues in Europe, Brussels, NIDI/CBGS Publications, pp. 45-68.
Ingram, P., and T. Simons (1995), Institutional and resource dependence determinants of responsiveness to work-family issues, Academy of Management Journal, 38 (5), pp. 1466-1482.
Kinnunen, U., S. Mauno, S. Geurts, and J. Dikkers (2005), Work-family culture in organizations: theoretical and empirical approaches, S.A.Y. Poelmans (ed.), Work and Family. An International Research Perspective, Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 87-120.
Kirby, and Krone (2002), The policy exists but you cant really use it: communication and the structuration of work-family policies, Journal of Applied Communication Research, 30 (1), pp. 50-77.
Lewis, S. (1996), Sense of entitlement, family friendly policies and gender, in H. Holt and I. Thaulow (eds.), Reconciling Work and Family Life. An International Perspective on the Role of Companies. Copenhagen, The Danish National Institute of Social Research.
Lewis, S. (1999), Work-family arrangements in the UK, in L. den Dulk, A. van Doorne-Huiskes and J. Schippers (Eds.), Work-Family Arrangements in Europe, Amsterdam, Thela Thesis, pp. 41-56.
Lewis, S., and C.L Cooper, (1999), The work-family research agenda in changing contexts, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4 (4), pp. 382-393.
Lewis, S., and J. Dyer (2002), Towards a culture for work-life integration?, in C.L. Cooper and R.J. Burke (eds.), The New World of Work. Challenges and Opportunities, Malden, MA, Blackwell Publishers, pp. 302-316.
Lewis, S., and R. Rapoport (2005), Looking backwards to go forwards: the integration of paid work and personal life, in B. Peper, A. van Doorne-Huiskes and L. den Dulk (eds.), Flexible Working and Organisational Change: The Integration of Work and Personal Life, North Hampton, MA, Edward Elgar, pp. 297-311.
McHugh, M., and C. Brotherton (2000), Health is wealth: organisational utopia or myopia?, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15 (8), pp. 744-770.
Moss, P. (1996), Reconciling employment and family responsibilities: a European perspective, in S. Lewis and J. Lewis (eds.), The Work-Family Challenge, Rethinking Employment, London, Sage Publications.
OECD (2001), Employment Outlook 2001, Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
OECD (2002), Babies and Bosses: Reconciling Work and Family Life, vol. 1, Paris, OECD Publications.
Oorschot, W.J.H. van (1994), Take It or Leave It: A Study of Non-take-up of Social Security Benefits, Tilburg, Tilburg University Press.
Osterman, P. (1995), Work/family programs and the employment relationship, Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, pp. 681-700.
Poelmans, S. A.Y., N. Chinchilla, and P. Cardona (2003), Family-friendly HRM policies and the employment relationship, International Journal of Manpower, 24, pp. 128-147.
Poelmans, S. A. Y. (2005), Organizational research on work and family: recommendations for future research, in S.A.Y. Poelmans (ed.), Work and Family: An International Research Perspective, Mahwah, NJ., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp. 439-462
Praat, W.C.M., H.R.M. Smulders, and J.M. van Werkhooven (1996), Trendrapportage Vraag naar Arbeid 1996, Den Haag, OSA, Organisatie voor Strategisch Arbeidsmarktonderzoek.
Rapoport, R. (2002), Beyond Work-Family Balance. Advancing Gender Equity and Workplace Performance, San Francisco, CA, Jossey-Bass.
Remery, C., J. Schippers, A. van Doorne-Huiskes, and M.M.S. Schalkwijk (2002), Zorg als Arbeidsmarktgegeven. Werkgevers aan Zet, Tilburg, OSA.
Remery, C., and J. Schippers (2002), Arbeid-zorgarrangementen in organisaties: Een analyse van werkgeversgedrag, Bevolking en Gezin, 31(3), pp. 75-102.
Remery, C., J. van Doorne-Huiskes, and J. Schippers (2003), Family-friendly policies in the Netherlands: The tripartite involvement, Personnel Review, 31 (4), pp. 456-473.
Rostgaard, T., M.N. Christoffersen, and H. Weise (1999), Parental leave in Denmark, in P. Moss and F. Deven (eds.), Parental Leave: Progress or Pitfall? Research and Policy Issues in Europe, Brussels, NIDI/CBGS Publications, pp. 25-44.
Schaeps, M., P.W. Feenstra, and C. Klaasen (2000), Arbeid en zorg in CAOs 2000. Een Update van de Resultaten van het over 1999 Uitgevoerde Onderzoek. Arbeidsinspectie, Elsevier, Doetinchem.
SCP (2004), Werkt verlof? Het gebruik van regelingen voor verlof en aanpassing van de arbeidsduur, Den Haag, Sociaal en Cultureel Planbuerau.
SCP (2004), Emancipatiemonitor 2004, Den Haag, Sociaal en Cultureel Planbuerau.
Thompson, C.A., L.L. Beauvais, and K.S. Lyness (1999), When work-family benefits are not enough: The influence of work-family culture on benefit utilization, organizational attachment, and work-family conflict, Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 54 (3), pp. 392-415.
Internet
http://www.workliferesearch.org/transitions/
* Assistant professor at Utrecht University, Sociology/ICS, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands, E-mail: l.dendulk@uu.nl
** Assistant professor at Erasmus University Rotterdam, Department of Social Sciences, Sociology, P. O. Box 1738, 3000DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: Peper@fsw.eur.nl