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Psicologia
versão impressa ISSN 0874-2049
Psicologia v.20 n.1 Lisboa 2006
Vinculação aos pais e ao par romântico em adolescentes
Paula Mena Matos 1
Maria Emília Costa 2
Resumo: Tomando como ponto de partida a Teoria da Vinculação de Bowlby e Ainsworth e a abordagem conceptual e metodológica de Bartholomew, é apresentado um estudo empírico que pretende analisar (a) as associações entre a vinculação aos pais e a vinculação ao par romântico; e (b) as diferenças de género do adolescente e da figura parental nas representações da vinculação. Os resultados observados com a aplicação de duas entrevistas semi‑estruturadas (Family Attachment Interview e Peer Attachment Interview de Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) a uma amostra de 82 adolescentes evidenciam a presença de regularidades nas representações de ambos os domínios, manifestas não apenas em recorrências temáticas e de conteúdo, mas também em recorrências estruturais ao nível da organização discursiva. Ainda que a magnitude dos valores seja moderada, de um modo geral, os adolescentes com vinculações seguras às figuras parentais relacionam‑se de um modo mais seguro do ponto de vista romântico, apresentando representações mais favoráveis acerca de si próprio e dos outros. Na generalidade não foram observadas diferenças do género do adolescente nos padrões de vinculação, tendo sido a relação com a mãe classificada como mais preocupada e a relação com o pai como mais desinvestida apenas para os rapazes.
Palavras‑chave: vinculação aos pais, relações românticas, adolescência, narrativa
Parental and romantic attachment in adolescents
Abstract: Based on Bowlby's and Ainsworth's attachment theory, and on Bartholomew's conceptual and methodological approach, this paper addresses parental and romantic attachment representations of late adolescents. Using a cross‑sectional research design, the study examines (a) continuities and discontinuities across relational domains, and (b) differences in attachment representations as a function of adolescents and parental gender. Two coded semistructured interviews (Family Attachment Interview e Peer Attachment Interview, Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) were administrated to a sample of 82 late adolescents. Results indicate the presence of regularities in the attachment representations of both domains, evidenced in the thematic and content recurrences, as well as in the structural recurrences of the narratives' organization. Albeit the moderate magnitude of the values observed, adolescents with secure attachments to parents tend to relate in a more secure way to their romantic partners, presenting more positive representations of self and others. No gender differences in attachment patterns were observed, although attachment to mother was classified as more preoccupied for boys and girls, and attachment to father as more dismissive only for boys.
Key‑words: attachment to parents; romantic relationships; adolescence; narrative
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1 Prof. Auxiliar da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto.
2 Prof. Catedrática da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto.
Correspondência sobre este artigo deve ser enviada para pmmatos@fpce.up.pt.