CHANGES IN GRAPE SEED, SKIN AND PULP CONDENSED TANNINS DURING BERRY RIPENING: EFFECT OF FRUIT PRUNING

 

João do Ó-Marques^1,2, Rui Reguinga² , Olga Laureano¹, Jorge M. Ricardo-da-Silva¹

 

¹ Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Laboratório Ferreira Lapa (Sector de Enologia), 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal

² Quinta de Pancas, S.A. 2580-354 Alenquer, Portugal

(Manuscrito recebido em 23.06.05 . Aceite para publicação em 29.08.05.)

 

 

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present work was to study the evolution of condensed tannins according to their degree of polymerization in seeds, pulp and skins, along the maturation using Cabernet Sauvignon and Tinta Roriz (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties. Additionally for this study a witness of each variety was compared with two modalities of fruit pruning, one of 50% and another one of 75%. Quantitative changes in the condensed tannins with different degree of polymerization were measured using fractionation on C₁₈ Sep-Pak cartridges followed by reaction with vanillin, and also by HPLC. The results showed that for both two varieties and respective modalities, the concentration of condensed tannins (whatever the degree of polymerization) in any part of grape berry (pulp, seeds and skins) were gradually decreased throughout the ripening period. At harvest, several major analytical parameters of grape berries of the two varieties and for two modalities were not significantly changed. However, significant difference was observed in condensed tannin levels between the control and the pruning modalities.

Keywords: pruning, tannins, polymerization, maturation, Cabernet Sauvignon and Tinta Roriz.

 

 

RESUMO

Alterações ao longo da maturação nos taninos condensados da grainha, película e polpa: influência da monda de cachos

O presente trabalho teve por objectivo estudar a evolução ao longo da maturação dos taninos condensados segundo o seu grau de polimerização na grainha, polpa e película, nas uvas das castas Cabernet Sauvignon e Tinta Roriz (Vitis vinifera L.). Para este estudo comparou-se uma testemunha não mondada com uma modalidade onde foi realizada uma monda de 50 % de cachos e uma outra modalidade com 75 % de monda. A quantificação dos taninos condensados segundo o seu grau de polimerização foi realizada por fraccionamento em cartuchos C₁₈Sep-Pak, seguida da reacção com a vanilina e também por HPLC. Observou-se uma tendência ao longo da maturação para o decréscimo dos taninos condensados qualquer que seja o seu grau de polimerização para todos os constituintes do bago (polpa, grainha e película), para as duas castas e respectivas variedades. Não foram registadas na amostragem de vindima diferenças significativas nos parâmetros analíticos estudados nas castas Cabernet Sauvignon e Tinta Roriz e respectivas modalidades. No que concerne aos taninos condensados o resultado mais relevante foi a diferença significativa entre a testemunha e as outras duas modalidades de monda, nomeadamente ao nível da fracção polimérica que apresentou na grainha, película e polpa da testemunha, uma concentração mais baixa.

Palavras-Chave: Monda, taninos, polimerização, Cabernet Sauvignon e Tinta Roriz.

 

 

RÉSUMÉ

Evolution des tannins condensés des pépins, des pellicules et de la pulpe pendant la maturation du raisin: effet de l'éclaircissage des raisins

Le but de ce travail est l’évolution tout au cours de la maturation des tanins condensés d’après son degré de polymérisation dans la pellicule, le pépin et la pulpe des raisins des cépages Cabernet Sauvignon et Tinta Roriz (Vitis vinifera L.) On a confronté un témoin de chaque cépage non taille avec une modalité avec une charge de fruits à la taille de 50 % et avec une autre de 75 % du charge. Le fractionnement des tanins condensés avec différent degré de polymérisation a été réalisé en cartouches CSep-Pak suivi de la réaction avec la vanilline, et aussi par HPLC. 18 On a enregistré tout au cours de la maturation une tendence vers le décroissement des tanins condensés i ndépendamment du degré de polymérisation de tout des constituants du grain (pellicule, pulpe et pépin), avec les deux cépages et respectives modalités. Au vendange, suivant les différentes modalités de taille de raisins et pour les deux cépages étudiés (Cabernet Sauvignon et Tinta Roriz), on n’a pas enregistré de modifications dans les principaux paramètres analytiques. En ce que concerne les tanins condensés, le résultat le plus significatif est la différence importante entre le témoin et les deux modalités de taille, notamment au niveau de la fraction polymère dans les pépins, la pulpe et les pellicules que a obtenue, dans ce témoin, les valeurs les plus basses.

 

 

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