O túmulo de D. Afonso de Portugal (séc. XV) – proteger para conservar

Rui Borges^[1], Ana Cardoso^[2], Ana Mesquita e Carmo^[2], Belmira Maduro^[2], Maria José Oliveira^[2], Isabel Ribeiro^[2], Ana Isabel Seruya^[3], Rui J. C. Silva^[4] e Isabel Tissot ^[5]

 

RESUMO

Este trabalho trata da conservação de uma das peças mais importantes da Tumulária medieval portuguesa – o Túmulo de D. Afonso de Portugal (1390-1400), filho primogénito do Rei D. João I.

O conjunto tumular, jacente, arca e baldaquino, é constituído por elementos em cobre, revestidos por uma camada de ouro ou de prata, fixos a uma estrutura de madeira. As técnicas de decoração – douragem a fogo e prateação por amálgama – foram utilizadas como revestimentos do substrato de cobre, tendo uma dupla função, decorativa e protectora. Consideram-se os problemas de alteração e conservação destes revestimentos e as opções adoptadas na aplicação de uma camada de protecção durante a intervenção da peça considerando o seu local de exposição, a Sé de Braga, forte condicionante para a preservação do Túmulo a longo tempo.

Palavras-chave: Conservação e Restauro, Douragem e Prateação por Amálgama Protecção, Ceras Naturais

 

 

The Tomb of D. Afonso of Portugal (15^th century) – Protect to conserve

ABSTRACT

The present work concerns the conservation of the Tomb of D. Afonso de Portugal (1390-1400), the first born of King D. João I, a major work of art from the Portuguese medieval period.

The tomb set - ark, effigy and baldachin – is composed by gilded and silvered copper plates fixed to a wooden structure. The techniques of decoration - the fire gilding and amalgam silvering - were used as coatings of the copper substrate, having a dual function - decorative and protective. It is emphasize the alteration and conservation issues of these coatings and the solutions adopted in the application of a protective layer during the Tomb conservation, considering the exhibition place, the Cathedral of Braga, a strong constraint to preserve the object for long period of time.

Key-words: Conservation and Restoration, Gilding and Silvering Amalgam, Protective Coatings, Natural Waxes

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format.

 

Referências

[1] R. Borges, I. Tissot, A. I. Seruya, R. J. C. Silva, S. Fragoso, B. Maduro and A. Pais,   X-Ray Spectrom., 37, 338 (2008).        [ Links ]

[2] E. R. Rie, C. W. McGlinchey (The effect of a hindred amine light stabilizer on the aging of dammar and mastic varnish in an environment free of ultraviolet light) in Proceedings of Conference on IIC Preprints of the contributions to the Brussels – Cleaning, Retouching and Coatings, September, London, England (1990).

[3] Theophilus, (On Divers Arts), (Hawthorne JC, Simth CS, Ed.), Dove Publications INC, New York, USA (1979).

[4] Vannoccio Beringuccio, (The Pirotechnia of Vannoccio Beringuccio), (Simth CS, Gnudi MT, ed.), Dover Publications, Inx., New York, USA (1990).

[5] A. Lins (Gilding Techniques of the Renaissance and after), in Gilded Metals, History, Technology and Conservation, (T. Drayman-Weisser, ed.), Architype Publications, London, England, p.241 (2001).

[6] K. Annheuser, Met. Mater. Soc., 49, 11, 58 (1997).

[7] S. La Niece (Silvering) in Metal Plating and Patination (Niece S. L, Craddock P, ed.), Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, England, p.193 (1993).

[8] L. Selwyn (Corrosion Chemistry of Gilded Silver and Copper), in Gilded Metals, History, Technology and Conservation, (T. Drayman-Weisser, ed.), Architype Publications, London, England, p.21 (2001).

[9] M. Járó and A. Tóth, (Deterioration of metal threads and other metallic decorations made of gold, silver or gilt silver on museum textiles: problems of their conservation) in Proceedings of Metal 95: International Conference on Metals Conservation: Semur en Auxois, September, London, England (1997).

[10] P. Zarras, N. Anderson, C. Webber, D. J. Irvin, A. Guenthner and J. D. Stenger-Smith, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 68, 387 (2003).

[11] M. Evesque, M. Keddam and H. Takenouti, Electrochim. Acta, 49, 2937, (2004).

[12] G. Bierwagen, T. J. Shedlosky and K. Stanek, Prog. Org. Coat., 48, 2-4, 289 (2003).

[13] E. De Witte, (The protection of silverware with varnishes) in Bulletin Institut royal du patrimoine artistique, 14, Brussels (1973-1974).

[14] W. Mourey (Comparative study of resistance to various forms of corrosion by the protective coatings used in metal conservation) in Proceedings of ICOM Committee for Conservation 8th Triennial Meeting, September, Sydney, Australia (1987).

[15] Y. Shashoua, S. M. Bradley and V. D. Daniels, Stud. Conserv., 37, 113, (1992).

[16] S. Metcalf, V&A Conservation Journal, 22, 4 (1997).

[17] S. Koob, Stud. Conserv., 31, 7 (1986).

[18] M. Favaro, P. A. Vigato, A. Andreotti and M. P. Colombini, Journal of Cultural Heritage, 6, 4, 295 (2005).

[19] F. Wrubel and F. Casadio, Museum studies,31, 2, 46 (2005).

[20] K. Raft, Stud. Conserv., 30, 3, 143,(1985).

[21] F. Philip (An alternative solution to an old problem: the conservation of an 18th-century marquetry table) in Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on wood and furniture conservation, December, Amesterdam, Holland (1999).

 

^[1] Rua Paulo da Gama nº4, 1400-267 Lisboa, tel.919339733, ruicamaraborges@sapo.pt

^[2] Instituto Português de Conservação e Restauro, Rua das Janelas Verdes, 37, 1249-018 Lisboa, Portugal, tel. 213934200, anamacardoso@yahoo.com, amesquitaecarmo@yahoo.com, belmiramaduro@gmail.com, mariaoliveira@imc-ip.pt, isabelribeiro@imc-ip.pt

^[3] Centro de Física Atómica da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal, tel. 21 7950790, anaseruya@gmail.com

^[4] CENIMAT/I3N, Campus da FCT/UNL, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, rjcs@fct.unl.pt

^[5] Archeofactu – Arqueologia e Arte, lda. Rua do Cerrado das Oliveiras nº14 2º Dto, 2610-035 Amadora, Portugal, tel. 213643005, isabel.tissot@archeofactu.pt

 

Artigo submetido em Setembro de 2009 e aceite Outubro de 2009