Sexo do julgador, educação formal em Direito, e decisão penal: O caso do processo-crime de violação frustrada envolvendo assimetria de estatuto (*)

 

E. Sousa (**)

 

 

RESUMO

Este artigo foca as questões relativas ao Conhecimento técnico, formação universitária e género sexual. Analisa ainda as variáveis legais e exra-legais a propósito de um crime de violação feminina envolvendoassimetria de pertenças sociais. Na sequência da revisão da literatura na área da Psicologia foram hipotetizadas: (a) uma divergência de perspectivas emfunção do género sexual, (b) uma divergência emfunção da configuração das pertenças sociais dos alvos do libelo acusatório, e (c) uma semelhança de perspectivas em função da educação formal em Direito, seja em termos da complexidade representacional, da inferência, ou ainda da decisão penal. Mais especificamente, estas incidiram nos elementos do facto, nos itens inferenciais relevantes e irrelevantes bem como nos elementos da decisão (sentença e medida da pena).

Os resultados das análises multivariadas de variância revelaram diferenças significativas nas variáveis legais e extralegais quer na apreciação legal do ilícito penal, quer na inferência. O treino universitário que não teve efeito significativo, nem na complexidade representacional nem na decisão penal, produziu, não obstante, conhecimento irrelevante menos extremado. De igual modo, o género sexual do julgador afectou o juízo subjectivo da contribuição da ofendida no âmbito do enquadramento legal, bem como a decisão penal. As mulheres foram, de forma homogénea, ligeiramente mais severas do que os homens. Por fim, a configuração das pertenças sociais da vítima e do réu teve apenas um efeito significativo no enquadramento legal. Os resultados são discutidos em termos da justiça social e de considerações legais sobre a violação.

 

Palavras-chave: Psicologia-Direito, Psicologia Social do Conhecimento, tratamento da informação, violação, género sexual.

 

 

ABSTRACT

This paper deals with knowledge, University Law training and gender. It inspects legal and extra-legal variables in the case of a female rape-crime case involving assymetric social membership of both the victim and the offender. After reviewing recent literature on psychology, we hypothezised divergent perspectives as a function of gender, and of the configuration of membership of social groups of both the intervenients, as well as similar perspectives as a function of formal education (1st and 5th year of the University) in terms of representational complexity, inference and decision, be it legal components of the case, Law-relevant and irrelevant inference itens or penal decisions in terms of both verdict and penalty.

The results of multivariate analyses of variance revealed the importance of both the legal and the ex-tra-legal variables on the legal framing of the crime-case and inference. Law training, which did neither have a significant effect on penalty nor on representational complexity, presented a significant effect on the legal components of the case, and produced less extreme irrelevant knowledge. Also, judge's gender affected the legal components of the case, namely the perceived contribution of the victim, and penalty. Females were slightly harsher. Finally, the configuration of assymetric social membership of both the victim and the offender affected the legal framing of the case.

Results are discussed in terms of Psychology, social justice and Law considerations on rape.

 

Key-words: Psychology-Law, Social psychology of knowledge, information-processing, rape, gender.

 

 

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(*) Agradece-se a colaboração dos participantes no estudo.

(**) Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada.