Comportamento intergrupal - revisão de literatura

Joana Miranda (*)

RESUMO

Neste artigo é tecida uma revisão de literatura de uma área fundamental da Psicologia Social, habitualmente designada de comportamento intergrupal ou, ainda, de relações intergrupais.

Atendendo à extensão da área, a revisão apenas inclui as seguintes linhas de investigação:

-Processos individuais no comportamento intergrupal.

- Pertença grupal e comportamento intergrupal.

-Comportamento intergrupal e redução da discriminação.

O facto da análise se basear largamente nos conceitos e na teorização de Henri Tajfel, traduz o nosso reconhecimento pelo contributo do autor para a área. Não deixamos, no entanto, de assumir uma postura crítica relativamente a alguns pontos da sua teorização e de reconhecer que para que esta revisão ficasse mais completa seria necessário abordar outras linhas de investigação que, entretanto, vieram a ser desenvolvidas, nomeadamente, as investigações conduzidas pela escola de Genebra.

Palavras-chave: Comportamento intergrupal, grupo, identidade social, categorização social.

 

ABSTRACT

In this article a literature review of an important area of Social Psychology, related to behaviour among groups, is presented.

Given the scope of this area, the present review only includes the following research topics:

-Individual processes in intergroup behaviour.

-Belonging to a group and intergroup behaviour.

-Intergroup behaviour and reduction of discrimination.

The fact that the is based on this analysis are the concepts and theory of Henri Tajfel, it reflects my acknowledgment of the importance of this author in this field. However, I cannot but take a critical stand on some points of his theory, and to admit that a more complete review would involve the exploration of other lines of research, which in the meantime have been carried out by the Geneve School.

Key words: Intergroup behaviour, group, social identity, social categorization.

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format.

 

 

REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

Billig, M. (1976). Social psychology and intergroup relations. London: Academic Press.

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Brewer, M. B., & Kramer, R. M. (1985). The psychology of intergroup attitudes and behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 36, 219-243.

Campbell, D. T. (1967). Stereotypes and the perception of group differences. American Psychologist, 22, 817-829.

Doise, W., Deschamps, J.-C., & Meyer, G. (1978). The accentuation of intra-category similarities. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Differentiation between social groups. Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 159-168). London: Academic Press.

Eiser, J. R. (1980). Group processes. In Cognitive social psychology. A guidebook to theory and research (pp. 262-312). United Kingdom: McGraw-Hill.

Hamilton, D. L. (1976). Cognitive biases in the perception of social groups. In J. S. Caroll, & J. W. Payne (Eds.), Cognition and social behavior (pp. 81-93). New York: Erlbaum.

Leyens, J.-Ph. (1985). Teorias da personalidade na dinâmica social. Lisboa: Editorial Verbo.

Milner, D. (1984). The development of ethnic attitudes. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), The social dimension. European developments in social psychology (pp. 89-110). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Quattrone, G. A. (1986). On the perception of a group's variability. In S. Worchel, & W. G. William (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 25-48). Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers.

Roosens, E. E. (1989). Creting ethnicity: The process of ethnogenesis. London: Sage.

Tajfel, H. (1978). Interindividual behaviour and intergroup behaviour. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Differentiation between social groups. Studies in the social psychology of intergroups relations (pp. 27-60). London: Academic Press.

Tajfel, H. (1982a). Grupos humanos e categorias sociais -I. Lisboa: Livros Horizonte.

Tajfel, H. (1982b). Instrumentality, identity and social comparisons. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Social identity and intergroup relations (pp. 483-507). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tajfel, H. (1982c). Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 33, 1-39. Tajfel, H. (1983). Grupos humanos e categorias sociais -II. Lisboa: Livros Horizonte.

Tajfel, H. (1984). Social stereotypes and social groups. In J. C. Turner, & H. Giles (Eds.), Intergroup behaviour (pp. 144-167). Oxford: Basil Blackwell Publisher.

Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour. In S. Worchel, & G. A. William (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers.

Tumer, J. C. (1978). Social categorization and social discrimination in the minimal group paradigm. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Differentiation between social groups. Studies in the Social psychology of inter-groups relations (pp. 101-140). London: Academic Press.

 

(*) Universidade Aberta, Palácio Ceia, Rua da Escola Politécnica, 147, 1250 Lisboa.