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Análise Psicológica
versão impressa ISSN 0870-8231
Aná. Psicológica v.19 n.1 Lisboa 2001
Propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMIp) em contextos de actividade física e desportiva
ANTÓNIO MANUEL FONSECA (*)
ANTÓNIO DE PAULA BRITO (**)
RESUMO
Com esta investigação pretendeu-se analisar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (McAuley et al., 1989), em contextos de actividade física ou desportiva. No primeiro estudo (n=738; 16.00±3.66 anos), a Análise Factorial Exploratória (AFE) permitiu identificar uma solução constituída por quatro factores similares à da versão original, e o cálculo do alfa de Cronbach para cada uma das subescalas e para o instrumento na sua globalidade confirmou na generalidade a sua fiabilidade. No segundo estudo (n=1780; 15.80±3.85 anos) foram submetidos à Análise Factorial Confirmatória (AFC) quatro modelos de medida do IMIp distintos: i) 18 itens, factor único; ii) 18 itens, quatro factores; iii) 17 itens, factor único; e iv) 17 itens, quatro factores. A análise dos resultados revelou a superioridade dos modelos com 17 itens relativamente aos de 18 itens, e dos modelos com quatro factores face aos modelos com apenas um factor. Ainda assim, os valores dos diferentes indicadores da qualidade de ajustamento dos diferentes modelos investigados sugeriram que o IMIp pode ser utilizado com confiança tanto para avaliar globalmente a motivação intrínseca dos indivíduos para a prática de actividades físicas ou desportivas como para avaliar individualmente cada uma das quatro facetas nele representadas. Finalmente, de realçar que, sem prejuízo do anteriormente referido, uma análise ao conjunto de todos os resultados encontrados nos dois estudos realizados pareceu indicar a possibilidade de melhorar ainda mais as propriedades psicométricas do IMIp.
Palavras-chave: Inventário de Motivação Intrínseca, propriedades psicométricas, actividade física e desportiva.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (McAuley et al., 1989) in sport and exercise contexts. In study 1 (n=738; 16.00±3.66 years) Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) identified a four-factor structure similar to the original version, and Cronbach alphas of each one of the different subscales and for the whole instrument showed its reliability. In study 2 (n=1780; 15.80±3.85 years) Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to examine four different measurement models of IMIp: i) 18 itens, one-factor; ii) 18 itens, four-factor; iii) 17 itens, one factor; and iv) 17 itens, four-factor. CFA results showed the superiority of the models with 17 items against the models with 18 itens, and the superiority of the four-factor models face to the one-factor models. However, the fit idexes of the examined models suggested that IMIp can be used with confidence as much as a global measure for the evaluation of the individuals' intrinsic motivation for sport and exercise activities as to measure individually each one of it's four facets. Finally, and despite what was previously referred, a global analysis to the overall results found in the two reported studies seems to suggest that it will be possible to still improve the psychometric properties of the IMIp.
Key words: Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, psychometric properties, sport and exercise activities.
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(*) FCDEF, Universidade do Porto.
(**) FMH, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.