Ansiedade física social e comportamentos alimentares de risco em contexto desportivo

 

ANA SOFIA MALHEIRO (*)

MARIA JOÃO GOUVEIA (**)

 

 

RESUMO

Este estudo pretende contribuir para a compreensão dos factores que podem predispor o atleta de competição a desenvolver comportamentos e atitudes de risco, características das perturbações alimentares.

Procura-se avaliar a relação entre ansiedade física social e os comportamentos e atitudes alimentares características das perturbações alimentares e verificar se factores particulares do contexto desportivo tinham influência nesta relação (tipo de modalidade).

Compararam-se também as atitudes e comportamentos alimentares de risco, nos grupos de não-atletas e atletas.

Foram aplicadas as versões portuguesas do Social Physique Anxiety Scale - SPAS (Abreu, no prelo) e do Eating Disorders Inventory - EDI (Carmo, Galvão-Teles, Bouça, no prelo) a 200 jovens do sexo feminino (100 estudantes universitárias, 25 ginastas, 25 nadadoras, 25 futebolistas e 25 andebolistas).

Confirmou-se a existência de uma forte correlação positiva entre a ansiedade física social e as atitudes e comportamentos alimentares de risco. Nos grupos de ginástica e natação, esta relação foi bastante mais forte que a existente no grupo das não-atletas.

Quanto à presença de sintomas psicopatológicos característicos das perturbações alimentares, o grupo das atletas obteve uma pontuação superior em várias das sub-escalas do EDI-2, comparativamente ao grupo das não-atletas. Encontraram-se diferenças significativas no desejo de emagrecer, bulimia, desconfiança interpessoal, mal-estar interoceptivo, medo de maturidade e ascetismo.

Na comparação entre as várias modalidades os grupos de futebol e de ginástica apresentaram resultados superiores aos das não-atletas.

 

Palavras-chave: Ansiedade física social, perturbações alimentares, desporto.

 

 

ABSTRACT

This study pretends to contribute to the understanding of the factors that can predispose a competition athlete in developing an eating disorder behaviour.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the relationship between social physique anxiety and the eating disorder behaviour. Also, it verifies if there is any kind of sports that have some influence in these relation.

The eating disorder behaviours of athletes and non-athletes is also compared.

The Portuguese versions of the Social Physique Anxiety Scale - SPAS (Abreu, no prelo) and of the Eating Disorders Inventory - EDI-2 (Carmo, Galvão-Teles, Bouça, no prelo) were applied to 200 young women (100 college students, 25 gymnasts, 25 swimmers, 25 football players and 25 handball players).

A positive and strong correlation was confirmed between the social physique anxiety and the disorder eating behaviours. In the gymnasts and swimmers group, this relation was much stronger than the one found on the non-athletes.

As to the presence of eating disorders psychopathological symptoms, when compared to the non-athletes group, the athletes had a higher score in many of the EDI-2 sub-scales. Significant differences were found in drive for thinness, bulimia, interpersonal distrust, interoceptive awareness, maturity fears and asceticism.

When sports influence was compared, the football players and the gymnasts showed higher results than the non-athletes.

 

Key words: Social psysique anxiety, eating disorders, sport.

 

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(*) Psicóloga.

(**) Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisboa.