Serviços Personalizados
Journal
Artigo
Indicadores
- Citado por SciELO
- Acessos
Links relacionados
- Similares em SciELO
Compartilhar
Análise Psicológica
versão impressa ISSN 0870-8231
Aná. Psicológica v.19 n.3 Lisboa jul. 2001
Um compêndio de medidas (frequentes e recentes) usadas em comportamento organizacional
MIGUEL PINA E CUNHA (*)
ANA REGINA MARCELINO (**)
RESUMO
Um dos obstáculos frequentes à actividade de investigação decorre da dificuldade de identificar medidas estáveis e testadas para operacionalizar as variáveis em estudo. Este artigo identifica um conjunto de instrumentos de medida, usados recente e/ou frequentemente pelos investigadores do comportamento organizacional. Não sendo um guia exaustivo, este compêndio pretende facultar um acesso mais rápido e direccionado àqueles que produzem investigação neste domínio científico.
Palavras-chave: Instrumentos de medida, comportamento organizacional.
ABSTRACT
A frequent obstacle to research making is related with the difficulty to identify stable and tested measurement instruments. This article offers a compendium of measures, used frequently and/or recently by organizational behavior researchers. Although nor being exhaustive, this compendium aims to help researchers in their efforts to find possible measures for conducting their studies.
Key words: Measurement instruments, organizational behavior.
Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.
Full text only available in PDF format.
REFERÊNCIAS
Aiken, M., & Hage, J. (1966).Organizational alienation: A comparative analysis. American Sociological Review, 31, 497-507. [ Links ]
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-18. [ Links ]
Anastasi, A. (1982). Psychological testing (5th ed.). New York: Macmillan. [ Links ]
Arnold, J. A., Arad, S., Rhoades, J. A., & Drasgow, F. (2000). The empowering leadership questionnaire: The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring leader behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 249-269. [ Links ]
Ashford, S. J., & Black, J. S. (1996). Proactivity during organizational entry: The role of desire for control.Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 199-214. [ Links ]
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. [ Links ]
Bateman, T. S., & Grant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 103-118. [ Links ]
Beehr, T. A. (1976). Perceived situational moderators of the relationship between subjective role ambiguity and role strain. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61, 35-40. [ Links ]
Biasatti, L. L., & Martin, J. E. (1979). A measure of quality of union-management relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64, 387-390. [ Links ]
Bieri, J. et al. (1966). Clinical and social judgment: The discrimination of behavioral information. New York: Wiley. [ Links ]
Blood, M. R. (1969). Work values and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 53, 456-459. [ Links ]
Bollen, K. A., & Hoyle, R. H. (1990). Perceived cohesion: A conceptual and empirical examination. Social Forces, 69, 479-504. [ Links ]
Brayfield, A., & Rothe, H. (1951). An index of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 35, 307-311. [ Links ]
Brief, A., Burke, M. J., George, J. M., Robinson, B. S., & Webster, J. (1988). Should negative affectivity remain an unmeasured variable in the study of job stress? Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 193-198. [ Links ]
Cameron, K. S., & Quinn, R. E. (1999). Diagnosing and changing corporate culture. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley. [ Links ]
Campion, M. A. (1988). Interdisciplinary approaches to job design: A constructive replication with extensions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 467-481. [ Links ]
Campion, M. A., & Thayer, P. W. (1985). Development and field evaluation of an interdisciplinary measure of job design. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 29-43. [ Links ]
Caplan, R. D., Cobb, S., French, J. R. P., Harrison, R. V., & Pinneau, S. R. (1975). Job demands and worker health. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. [ Links ]
Christie, R., & Geis, F. (1969). Studies in machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press. [ Links ]
Cook, J. D., Hepworth, S. J., Wall, T. D., & Warr, P. B. (1981). The experience of work. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. [ Links ]
Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco: Freeman. [ Links ]
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-factor Inventory (NEO - FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: PAR. [ Links ]
Crowne, D., & Marlowe, D. (1964). The approval motive. New York: Wiley. [ Links ]
Davis, M. H. (1996). Empathy: A social psychological approach. Boulder, CO: Westview. [ Links ]
DeMeuse, K. (1986). A compendium of frequently used measures in industrial/organizational psychology. The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist, 23 (2), 53-59. [ Links ]
Diefendorff, J. M., Hall, R. J., Lord, R. G., & Strean, M. L. (2000). Action-state orientation: Construct validity of a revised measure and its relationship to work related variables. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 250-263. [ Links ]
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575. [ Links ]
Dirks, K. T. (2000). Trust in leadership and team performance. Evidence from NCAA basketball. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 1004-1012. [ Links ]
Dubin, R. (1956). Industrial workers' worlds: A study of the central life interests of industrial workers. Social Problems, 3, 131-142. [ Links ]
Dunham, R. B., & Herman, J. B. (1975). Development of a female faces scale for measuring job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 629-632. [ Links ]
Feuille, P., & Blandin, J. (1974). Faculty job satisfaction and bargaining sentiments: A case study. Academy of Management Journal, 17, 678-692. [ Links ]
Fiedler, F. E. (1967). A theory of leadership effectiveness. New York: McGraw-Hill. [ Links ]
Fitts, W. H. (1965). Manual of the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. Nashville, TN: Counselor Recording and Tests. [ Links ]
Fleishman, E. A. (1953). The description of supervisory behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 37, 153-158. [ Links ]
Friedman, H., Prince, L., Riggio, R., & Di Matteo, M. (1980). Understanding and assessing nonverbal expressiveness: The Affective Communication Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 333-351. [ Links ]
Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491-512. [ Links ]
Goldberg, D. P., & Hillier, V. F. (1979). A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychological Medicine, 9, 139-145. [ Links ]
Gordon, M. E., Philpot, J. W., Burt, R. E., Thompson,C. A., & Spiller, W. E. (1980). Commitment to the union: Development of a measure and an examination of its correlates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 479-499. [ Links ]
Gough, H., & Heilbrun, A. (1956). The Adjective Check List Manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. [ Links ]
Graen, G., & Cashman, J. (1975). A role-making model of leadership in informal organizations: A development approach. In J. G. Hunt & L. L. Lawson (Eds.), Leadership frontiers (pp. 143-165). Kent, OH: Kent State University Press. [ Links ]
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (1998). Mapping the domain of expressivity: Multimethod evidence for a hierarchical model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 170-191. [ Links ]
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 159-170. [ Links ]
Hamner, W. C., & Smith, F. J. (1978). Work attitudes as predictors of unionization activity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 415-421. [ Links ]
Hanisch, K. A., & Hulin, C. L. (1990). Job attitudes and organizational withdrawal: An evaluation of a causal model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37, 60-78. [ Links ]
Harrell, A. M., & Stahl, M. J. (1981). A behavioral decision theory approach for measuring McClelland's trichotomy of needs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66, 242-247. [ Links ]
Hart, S. G., & Staveland, L. E. (1988). Development of NASA-TLX: Task Load Index. In P. A. Hancock & M. Meshkati (Eds.), Human mental workload (pp. 139-183). Amsterdam: Elsevier. [ Links ]
Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. (1994). Emotional contagion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [ Links ]
Hermans, H. J. M. (1970). A questionnaire measure of achievement motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54, 353-363. [ Links ]
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The social readjustment rating scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213-218. [ Links ]
Hoppock, R. (1935). Job satisfaction. New York: Harper. [ Links ]
Hrebiniak, L. G., & Alutto, J. A. (1972). Personal and role-related factors in the development of organizational commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17, 555-573. [ Links ]
Hulin, C. L., Fitzgerald, L. F., & Drasgow, F.(1995). Organizational influences on sexual harassment. In M. Stockdale (Ed.), Sexual harassment in the work place (pp. 127-150). Thousand Oaks: Sage. [ Links ]
Ironson, G. H., Smith, P. C., Brannick, M. T., Gibson, W. M., & Paul, K. B. (1989). Construction of a Jobin General Scale: A comparison of global, composite, and specific measures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 193-200. [ Links ]
Ivancevich, J., & Matteson, M. (1983). Stress Diagnostic Survey. Houston, TX: Stress Research Systems. [ Links ]
Jenkins, C. O., Zyzanski, S. L., & Rosenman, R. H. (1979). Manual for the Jenkins Activity Survey. New York: Psychological Corporation. [ Links ]
Kacmar, K., & Ferris, G. (1991). Perceptions of Organizational Politics Scale (POPS): Development and construct validation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 51, 193-205. [ Links ]
Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., & Snoek, J. D. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. New York: Wiley. [ Links ]
Kanungo, R. N. (1982). Measurement of job and work involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 341-349. [ Links ]
Kornhauser, A. (1965). Mental health of the industrial worker. New York: Wiley. [ Links ]
Kunin, T. (1955). The construction of a new type of attitude measure. Personnel Psychology, 8, 65-77. [ Links ]
Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer. [ Links ]
Lennox, R. D., & Wolfe, R. N. (1984). Revision of the self-monitoring scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1349-1364. [ Links ]
Levenson (1981). Differentiating among internality, powerful others, and chance. In H. M. Lefcourt (Ed.), Research with the locus of control construct (pp. 15-63). New York: Academic Press. [ Links ]
Litwin, G. H., & Stringer, R. A. (1968). Motivation and organizational climate. Boston: Harvard University Press. [ Links ]
Lodahl, T. M., & Kejner, M. (1965). The definition and measurement of job involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 49, 24-33. [ Links ]
Lyons, T. F. (1971). Role clarity, need for clarity, satisfaction, tension and withdrawal. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 6, 99-110. [ Links ]
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1986). MBI: Maslach Burnout Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. [ Links ]
Matthews, G., Jones, D. M., & Chamberlain, A. G. (1990). Refining the measurement of mood: The UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist. British Journal of Psychology, 81, 17-42. [ Links ]
McClelland, D. C., Atkinson, J. W., Clark, R. A., & Lowell, E. L. (1953). The achievement motive. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. [ Links ]
McCormick, E. L., & Ilgen, D. R. (1980). Industrial psychology (7th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. [ Links ]
Miner, J. B. (1964). Scoring guide for the Miner Sentence Completion Scale. Atlanta: Organizational Measurement Systems Press. [ Links ]
Mirels, H. L., & Garrett, J. B. (1971). The Protestant ethic as a personality variable. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 36, 40-44. [ Links ]
Mott, P. E. (1972). The characterisctics of effective organizations. New York: Harper & Row. [ Links ]
Mount, M., & Barrick, M. (1995). Manual for the Personal Characteristics Inventory. Libertyville, IL: Wonderlic Personnel Test. [ Links ]
Organizational Research Group (1989). Organizational measurement series (vol. 1). Knoxville, TX: Organizational Research Group. [ Links ]
Payne, R. L., & Pheysey, D. C. (1971). G. G. Stern's organizatonal climate index: A reconceptualization and application to business organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 6, 77-98. [ Links ]
Pearlin, L. (1962). Alienation from work: A study of nursing personnel. American Sociological Review, 27, 314-326. [ Links ]
Peters, L. H., Terborg, J. R., & Taynor, J. (1974). Women as managers scale: A measure of attitudes toward wornen in managernent positions. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 4, 27 (NIS. No. 585). [ Links ]
Pines, A., & Aronson, E. (1981). Burnout: From tedium to personal growth. New York: Free Press. [ Links ]
Porter, L. W. (1962). Job attitudes in management I: Perceived deficiencies in need fulfillment as a function of job level. Journal of Applied Psychology, 46, 375-384. [ Links ]
Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59, 603-609. [ Links ]
Putnam, L., & Wilson, C. (1982). Communication strategies in organizational conflict: Reliability and validity of a measurement scale. In M. Bourgoon (Ed.), Communication yearbook (vol. 6, pp. 629-652). Newbury Park: Sage. [ Links ]
Quinn, R. P., & Staines, G. L. (1979). The 1979 Quality of Employement Survey. Institute for Social Research. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan. [ Links ]
Riggs, M. L., Warka, J., Babasa, B., Betancourt, R., & Hooker, S. (1994). Development and validation of the self-efficacy and outcome expectancy scales for job-related applications. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 54, 1017-1034. [ Links ]
Ritzer, G., & Trice, H. M. (1969). An empirical study of Howard Becker's side-bet theory. Social Forces, 47, 475-479. [ Links ]
Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15, 150-163. [ Links ]
Roberts, K. H., & O'Reilly, C. A. (1974). Measuring organizational communication. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59, 321-326. [ Links ]
Robinson, J. P., Athanasiou, R., & Head, K. B. (1969). Measures of occupational attitudes and occupational characteristics. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. [ Links ]
Robinson, R. J., Lewicki, R. J., & Donahue, E. M. (2000). Extending and testing a five factor model of ethical and unethical bargaining tactics: Introducing the SINS Scale. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 649-664. [ Links ]
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. [ Links ]
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcernent. Psychological Monographs, 80 (1, Whole No. 609). [ Links ]
Ryckman, R. M., Robbins, M., Thornton, B., & Cantrell, P. (1982). Development and validation of a physical self-efficacy scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 891-900. [ Links ]
Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In J. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotion, disclosure, and health. Washington, DC: APA. [ Links ]
Sarason, I., Johnson, J., & Siegel, J. (1978). Assessing the impact of life change: Development of the life experiences survey. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 932-946. [ Links ]
Saville, P., Holdsworth, R., Nyfield, G., Cramp. L., & Mabey, W. (1984). Occupational Personality Questionnaire manual. Thames Ditton: Saville-Holsworth. [ Links ]
Scandura, T. A., & Graen, G. B. (1984). Moderating effects of initial leader-member exchange status on the effects of a leadership intervention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 428-436. [ Links ]
Scheir, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem: A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078. [ Links ]
Scott, W. E. (1967). The development of semantic differential scales as measures of «morale». Personnel Psychology, 20, 179-198. [ Links ]
Seashore, S. E. (1954). Group cohesiveness in lhe industrial work group. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. [ Links ]
Seashore, S., Lawler, E. E., Mirvis, P. H., & Camman, C. (Eds.) (1983). Assessing organizational change. New York: Wiley. [ Links ]
Seers, A. (1989). Team-member exchange quality: A new construct for role-making research. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43, 118-135. [ Links ]
Siegel, S. M., & Kaemmerer, W. F. (1978). Measuring the perceived support for innovation in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 553-562. [ Links ]
Sims, H., Szilagyi, A., & Keller, R. (1976). The measurement of job characteristics. Academy of Management Journal, 19, 195-212. [ Links ]
Singelis, T. M., Triandis, H. C., Bhawuk, D. S., & Gelfland, M. (1995). Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-Cultural Research, 29, 240-275. [ Links ]
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 653-663. [ Links ]
Smith, P. C., Kendall, L. M., & Hulin, C. L. (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement. Chicago: Rand McNally. [ Links ]
Snyder, M. (1974). Self-monitoring of expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 526-537. [ Links ]
Spector, P. E., & Jex, S. M. (1998). Development of four self-report measures of job stressors and strain: Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale, Organizational Constraints Scale, Quantitative Workload Inventory. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3, 356-367. [ Links ]
Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R., & Stapp, J. (1973). A short version of the Attitudes Toward Women Scale. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 2, 219-220. [ Links ]
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. [ Links ]
Stagner, R., Chalmers, W. E., & Derber, M. L. (1958). Guttman-type scales for union and management attitudes toward each other. Journal of Applied Psychology, 42, 293-300. [ Links ]
Steers, R. M., & Braunstein, D. N. (1976). A behaviorally based measure of manifest needs in work settings. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 9, 251-266. [ Links ]
Stogdill, R. M. (1963). Manual for the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire -Form XII. Columbus: Bureau of Business Research, Ohio State University. [ Links ]
Stogdill, R. M. (1965). Manual for group dimensions descriptions. Columbus: Bureau of Business Research, Ohio State University. [ Links ]
Stogdill, R. M., & Coons, A. E. (Eds.) (1957). Leader behavior: Its description and measurement. Columbus: Bureau of Business Research, Ohio State University. [ Links ]
Taylor, C. W. (Ed.) (1972). Climate for creativity. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press. [ Links ]
Uphoff, W. H., & Dunnette, M. D. (1956). Understanding lhe union member. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. [ Links ]
Van de Ven, A. H., & Ferry, D. L. (1980). Measuring and assessing organizations. New York: Wiley. [ Links ]
Venkatraman, N. (1989). Strategic orientation of business enterprises: The construct, dimensionality, and measurement. Management Science, 35, 942-967. [ Links ]
Verbeke, W. (2000). A revision of Hofstede et al. (1990) organizational practices scale. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 587-602. [ Links ]
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measurees of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070. [ Links ]
Weiss, D. L, Dawis, R. V., England, G. W., & Lofquist, L. H. (1967). Manual for lhe Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire: Minnesota studies in vocational rehabilitation. Minneapolis: Industrial Relations Center, University of Minnesota. [ Links ]
Wollack, S., Goodale, J. G., Wijting, J. P., & Smith, P.C. (1971). Development of the Survey of WorkValues. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55, 331-338. [ Links ]
Zohar, D. (1980). Safety climate in industrial organizations: Theoretical and applied implications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 96-102. [ Links ]
(*) Faculdade de Economia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua Marquês de Fronteira, 20, 1099-038 Lisboa, Email: mpc@fe.unl.pt
(**) Consultora.