Experiência de parto: Alguns factores e consequências associadas (*)

 

BÁRBARA FIGUEIREDO (**)

RAQUEL COSTA (**)

ALEXANDRA PACHECO (**)

 

 

RESUMO

Neste artigo os autores começam por fazer uma breve explanação da diversidade cultural na concepção do parto e das consequências que advêm desta diversidade, quer em termos dos métodos utilizados, quer em termos da experiência de parto proporcionada à mulher. Seguidamente, apresentam uma revisão teórica e empírica dos estudos que investigam a experiência de parto, tal como é geralmente descrita pela mulher, nomeadamente, os acontecimentos tidos como mais significativos durante o gravidez e parto. Finalmente, analisam alguns dos factores susceptíveis de influenciar a experiência de parto, o comportamento neonatal e o estabelecimento da relação mãe-bebé, dando particular atenção ao suporte emocional durante o parto, ao tipo de parto, à preparação e participação no parto e à dor associada ao parto. São ainda propostas algumas sugestões de intervenção, no âmbito da Psicologia da Saúde, no sentido de promover e beneficiar positivamente a experiência de parto da mulher.

Palavras-chave: Experiência de parto, tipo de parto, dor, analgesia epidural, comportamento neonatal.

 

 

ABSTRACT

In this article, the authors present a brief explanation of cultural diversity concerning childbirth and it's consequences regarding methods of delivery and women's experiences. They also present a conceptual and empiric framework, attending to the studies about childbirth experience as it is usually described by women, namely, the most important events regarding pregnancy and labor. Finally, they analyse some variables that might influence childbirth experience, neonatal behaviour and mother-infant relationship, such as: preparation for labour and delivery, emotional support, participation and pain during labour and delivery as well as method of delivery. Some Health Psychology suggestions of intervention are given, to promote and benefit positively the childbirth experience.

Key words: Childbirth experience, method of delivery, pain, epidural anaesthesia, neonatal behaviour.

 

 

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(*) Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o apoio do Serviço de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.

(**)Departamento de Psicologia da Universidade do Minho. Maternidade Júlio Dinis (Porto).