Psicologia, sáude e nutrição: Contributo para o estudo do comportamento alimentar

VICTOR VIANA (*)

 

RESUMO

O comportamento alimentar constitui um importante aspecto dos hábitos e estilo de vida que importa abordar do ponto de vista da Psicologia. Tradicionalmente o processo alimentar tem sido estudado no caso das perturbações do comportamento alimentar. A abordagem que apresentamos é a do comportamento alimentar do sujeito normal no contexto teórico e metodológico da Psicologia da Saúde.

A Nutrição está intrinsecamente associada à saúde e à doença. Algumas das mais assustadoras doenças do nosso tempo são em grande parte atribuíveis a hábitos alimentares não saudáveis adquiridos na infância e na adolescência.

A compreensão do comportamento e do estilo alimentar, incluindo os aspectos psicológicos que lhe estão subjacentes, parece ser determinante na possibilidade de se definirem estratégias visando implementar mudanças de índole terapêutica ou educacional com vista à promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis.

Neste trabalho procuramos demonstrar o papel da Psicologia na investigação no domínio da Nutrição, sobre as relações entre o comportamento alimentar e asaúde. É realçado o contributo da Psicologia para a compreensão do ser saudável e para a adopção de estratégias de prevenção primária e educação para a saúde, nomeadamente no caso dos jovens.

Palavras-chave: Psicologia da saúde, nutrição, comportamento alimentar, estilo de vida, estilo alimentar.

 

ABSTRACT

Eating behaviour is one of the most important aspects of habits and lifestyle that has to be taken as object of Health Psychology approach.

Eating and nutrition have been studied, in Clinical Psychology, from the point of view of the pathological processes and as eating disorders. Health Psychology approaches eating behaviour in the normal person and in a specific theoretical and methodological context.

Nutrition is obviously related to disease and health. Some of the most frightening diseases of our days are in some degree the result of unhealthy eating habits learned in childhood and adolescence. This is the case of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, obesity and others. If unhealthy habits led to this disorders, healthy eating habits can prevent some of them and are in general part of their treatment.

In this paper we present some aspects about the contribution of the Health Psychology in the research of eating behaviour and nutrition. The understanding of behaviour and eating style, witch include psychological factors, seems to be fundamental for the development of strategies in order to promote changes regarding healthy lifestyle.

Key words: Health psychology, nutrition, eating behavior, life style, eating style.

 

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(*) Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da U. P. (FCNAUP). Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Norte (ISCS-N). Departamento de Pediatria do H.S.J.- Porto.