A dissociação dos efeitos das expectativas nas impressões e memória de pessoas e grupos: O Modelo TRAP

 

LEONEL GARCIA-MARQUES (*)

DAVID L. HAMILTON (**)

MARGARIDA GARRIDO (***)

RITA JERÓNIMO (***)

 

 

RESUMO

O presente artigo apresenta um novo modelo de memória de pessoas e grupos - o Modelo TRAP (Twofold Retrieval by Associative Pathways). O Modelo TRAP foi primordialmente desenvolvimento para resolver a aparente discrepância entre efeitos de congruência tipicamente obtidos em medidas de julgamento e de incongruência tipicamente obtidos em medidas de recordação livre. O Modelo distingue entre dois modos de recuperação - o modo heurístico e exaustivo. Essa distinção permite resolver a discrepância frequentemente obtida entre medidas de julgamento e de recordação. O desenvolvimento do Modelo TRAP permitiu quer encontrar novas variáveis capazes de dissociar os dois modos de recuperação quer construir novas hipóteses sobre o processo de formação de impressões. O presente artigo discute os pressupostos teóricos do modelo e apresenta os principais resultados empíricos até hoje obtidos.

Palavras-chave: Efeito de incongruência, correlações ilusórias, Modelo TRAP.

 

ABSTRACT

The paper presents a model of person and group memory - o Model TRAP (Twofold Retrieval by Associative Pathways). The TRAP Model was primarily developed to account for the apparent discrepancy between congruency effects typically obtained in judgment measures and incongruency effects typically obtained in free recall measures. The Model distinguishes between two retrieval modes - the heuristic and the exhaustive mode. This distinction enabled us to solve the frequently obtained discrepancy between judgment and recall measures. The development of the TRAP Model allowed us to find both news variables that dissociate the two retrieval modes and to derive new hypotheses concerning the process of impression formation. The present work discusses the theoretical underpinnings of the model and presents the main empirical findings obtained so far.

Keywords: Incongruency effect, illusory correlations, TRAP Model.

 

 

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(*) Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa.

(**) Universidade da Califórnia, Santa Barbara, USA.

(***) ISCTE, Lisboa.