Adaptação psicosocial da criança ao pré-escolar (*)

 

RAQUEL VIEIRA DA SILVA (**)

MANUELA VERÍSSIMO (***)

ANTÓNIO J. SANTOS (***)

 

 

RESUMO

Baseados no conhecimento de que a avaliação objectiva e rápida dos problemas comportamentais se está a tornar cada vez mais importante, este artigo trata da adaptação do questionário Adaptação Psicosocial da Criança (APSE) a Portugal. O APSE, desenvolvido no Canadá pelo Laboratoire d'Ethologie Humaine (1990), é um questionário, que através de 17 descritores comportamentais, procura detectar problemas de adaptação em crianças que frequentam o pré-escolar. Neste artigo não só se debatem as vantagens do questionário, como também ele é validado para a população Portuguesa. Analisam-se, ainda, a premência de despistagens precoces de crianças com comportamentos entendidos como em risco pelas educadoras. Várias educadoras avaliaram 398 crianças, entre os três e os cinco anos, através do questionário APSE (Strayer & Noël, 1990). Identificaram-se quatro perfis, de entre os quais o das crianças Retiradas é percebido como em risco. Analisam-se as relações existentes entre os diferentes domínios decorrentes da análise multivariada e as três idades. As análises mostraram um bom índice de coerência interna para o questionário, em todas as escalas, o que prova que ele pode ser aplicado com segurança no nosso país.

Palavras-chave: Risco, pré-escolar, desenvolvimento social.

 

 

ABSTRACT

The early evaluation of risk behaviour is become an important objective of Developmental Psychology. This article reports the adaptation of the questionnaire Preschool Psychosocial Adaptation (APSE) to Portugal. The APSE developed in Canada by the Laboratoire d'Ethologie Humaine (1990), is a questionnaire that aims to detect problems of adaptation in children in preschool. 398 children were evaluated, between three and five years, using the APSE questionnaire (Strayer & Noël, 1990). The different domains of risk are analyzed at the three age levels. The analyses showed a good index of internal coherence for the questionnaire in all scales. Four profiles were identified, the retired children were considered as the group in risk.

Key words: Risk, preschool, social development.

 

 

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(*) Agradecimentos: Os autores agradecem a todas as mães, crianças e educadoras que aceitaram participar neste estudo, o qual faz parte de um projecto de investigação financiado pela FCT (POCTI/1999/PSI/ 36429) com fundos do FEDER.

(**) Psicóloga.

(***) Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisboa. UIPCDE, ISPA.