Género e saúde mental: Uma abordagem epidemiológica (*)

Cidália Rabasquinho (**)

Henrique Pereira (***)

RESUMO

Avaliou-se sob o ponto de vista epidemiológico diferenças entre homens e mulheres que procuraram os serviços das consultas externas da especialidade de Psicologia do Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental do Hospital Distrital Amato Lusitano de Castelo Branco, relati-vamente à psicopatologia apresentada, tipo de intervenção solicitada, psicofármacos prescritos, funcionalidade familiar, familiares com doença mental, tentativas de suicídio. Relacionaram-se outras variáveis demográficas com a psicopatologia apresentada, numa amostra representativa da população resultante em 483 utentes seleccionados aleatoriamente dum total de 2447 que usufruíram destes serviços entre Maio de 1984 e Maio de 2005. Foram encontradas diferenças de género para todas as categorias diagnosticadas, à excepção da esquizofrenia. Os resultados obtidos revelaram vulnerabilidade marcante a sintomas ansiosos e depressivos para a mulher, já que se obtiveram taxas de prevalência mais elevadas para o género feminino em perturbações como o Humor (20,5%): mulheres (M) 72%, homens (H) 38%; Ansiedade (11,2%): M – 64%, H – 36%; Adaptação a situações de vida stressantes (22,8%): M – 77,3%, H – 22,7%; Somatoformes (0,4%): M – 89%, H – 11%. Enquanto os homens apresentaram taxas de prevalência mais elevados em transtornos como os associados ao uso de substâncias psico-activas, álcool (9,3%): (H – 86,7%, M – 13,3%); drogas ilegais (2,5%): H – 55%, M – 45%; comportamentos anti-sociais (1,9%): (H – 67%, M – 33%). Os resultados encontrados levam a concluir não haver diferenças significativas de género nas perturbações psiquiátricas nas populações investigadas, mas sim diferenças nas taxas de “perturbações específicas”, resultados que vão ao encontro dos de outros estudos clínicos.

Palavras-chave: Género, saúde mental, estudo epidemiológico

 

 

ABSTRACT

An epidemiologic study was conducted to assess differences between men and women who sought the Psychiatry and Mental Health Service of Amato Lusitano Hospital in Castelo Branco, in terms of presented psycho-pathology, asked intervention, prescribed psychopharmics, familiar functionality, relatives with previous mental health diagnosis, and suicide attempts. Other demographic variables were also related to the presented psychopathology, in a representative sample of 483 participants randomly selected from a number of 2447 individuals who were offered help from May 1984 to May 2005. Significant results were obtained when Gender was compared to all diagnosed categories, except alcohol and drug abuse, anti-social behaviour, and schizophrenia. The results show stronger vulnerability for women regarding anxious and depressed symptoms, with higher Humour disorders (20,5%) women (W) 72%, men (M) 38%; Anxiety (11,2%): W – 64%, M – 36%; Adaptation to stressing life situations (22,8%): W – 77,3%, M – 22,7%; Somatoforms (0,4%): W – 89%, M – 11%; Whereas men evidenced higher levels of disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances, such as alcohol (9,3%): (M – 86,7%, W – 13,3%); illegal drugs (2,5%): M – 55%, W – 45%; anti-social behaviour (1,9%): (M – 67%, W – 33%). The results also lead to the conclusion that that are significant differences when specific disorders are investigated, and this corroborated by other findings.

Key words: Gender, mental health, epidemiologic study

 

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(*) Trabalho realizado no Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental do Hospital Amato Lusitano em Castelo Branco.

(**) Departamento de Psicologia e Educação da Universidade da Beira Interior. E-mail: cidalia.r@netvisao.pt

(***) Departamento de Psicologia e Educação da Universidade da Beira Interior. E-mail: hpereira@ubi.pt