Diversidade funcional em sistemas de montado: fluxo de nutrientes em Quercus rotundifolia Lam.

Functional diversity in “montado” systems: nutrients fluxes in Quercus rotundifolia Lam.

 

J. D. Nunes¹, L. Gazarini^{1, 2} & M. Madeira³

 

RESUMO

Os componentes dos ciclos de nutrientes em montados de Quercus rotundifolia Lam., relacionados com a precipitação foram estudados na região de Évora, de Novembro de 1996 a Dezembro de 2000. A precipitação bruta, o gotejo a diferentes distâncias do tronco e o escorrimento ao longo do tronco das árvores foram quantificados de modo contínuo, sendo colhidas amostras semanalmente para se proceder à respectiva caracterização química. A quantidade de nutrientes transferidos para o solo através das diferentes soluções foi também determinada. Verificou-se um acréscimo da concentração das espécies iónicas no gotejo em relação à precipitação bruta, o qual foi ainda mais manifesto no escorrimento ao longo do tronco.

Estudaram-se, igualmente, as características físico-químicas do solo sob e fora da influência da copa destas árvores, num montado relativamente esparso. Além disso, também se avaliou a quantidade das camadas orgânicas e a quantidade de nutrientes aí retidos. As características físicas e químicas do solo apresentaram, de um modo geral, uma diferenciação positiva em resultado da presença das árvores.

Avaliou-se a taxa de mineralização de N nas áreas sob e fora da acção do coberto das árvores, tendo-se observado uma mais elevada disponibilidade deste nutriente nas áreas do sob coberto.

 

ABSTRACT

Nutrient cycling in Quercus rotundifolia Lam. systems, regarding precipitation was studied at Évora (Southern Portugal), since November of 1996 until December of 2000. The amounts of gross rainfall, throughfall (at different distances from the tree trunk) and stemflow were measured continuously and samples for chemical analysis were collected weekly. The concentration of nutrients was higher in the throughfall than in the gross rainfall, especially in the areas closer to the tree trunk. Nutrients transferred to soil, through bulk rainfall, throughfall and stemflow were quantified. The highest concentration of nutrients was observed in the stemflow water.

Soil physical and chemical characteristics, underneath and outside Quercus rotundifolia crowns, were studied in areas where trees commonly are wide spaced. The amounts of the forest floor litter layer were also evaluated. Soil physical and chemical characteristics showed in general a positive effect with tree presence.

Nitrogen transformation was examined under and outside the influence of the tree canopies. Nitrogen availability was higher in the soil of under crowns areas.

 

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¹ Dep. Biologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora; e-mail: jdnunes@uevora.pt; ² Instituto de Ciências Agrárias Mediterrâneas (ICAM), Universidade de Évora; ³ Departamento de Ciências do Ambiente, Instituto Superior de Agronomia