Dinâmica de nemátodes fitoparasitas e sua relação com alguns parâmetros físico-químicos do solo durante o cultivo de beterraba sacarina

Population dynamics of plant-parasitic nematodes and their relationships with some soil physico-chemical characteristics during sugarbeet cultivation

 

P. Barbosa¹, P. Vieira¹ & M. Mota¹

 

RESUMO

O objectivo do estudo centrou-se na avaliação da dinâmica de nemátodes fito parasitas, e relação com alguns parâmetros físico-químicos, num terreno utilizado para produção de beterraba sacarina, na zona de Coruche. Com o intuito de acompanhar o processo de crescimento da cultura, o estudo foi efectuado de Janeiro a Junho de 2003. Recorreu-se a métodos standard para a amostragem, extracção e observação dos nemátodes. Empregaramse comparações estatísticas (Kruskal-Wallis) na análise da distribuição mensal dos fitoparasitas. As relações entre indivíduos e parâmetros físico-químicos do seu habitat foram verificadas por análise de componentes principais (PCA), análise canónica de correspondência (CCA) e correlações. Em virtude das acções causadas pelas práticas agrícolas, a comunidade decresceu de Janeiro a Abril, aumentando até Junho com o início do processo de rega. O número de nemátodes do género Meloidogyne foi significativamente superior, secundado por Helicotylenchus e Tylenchus. As correlações entre indivíduos e parâmetros ambientais indicam que, aparte a influência directa do hospedeiro, o cálcio, o potássio, o azoto e a humidade do solo influenciaram a abundância e as relações entre os géneros.

 

ABSTRACT

The objective of this research was studying population dynamics of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) and their relationships with some soil physico-chemical characteristics, from 1 plot used for sugarbeet production in Coruche. The study was performed from January to June 2003, following the plant growth cycle. Standard sampling, extraction and observation methods were employed. Statistical comparisons (Kruskal-Wallis) were used to analyze nematode monthly distribution. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Correspondence Canonical Analysis (CCA) and correlations were used to correlate PPN numbers and several physical and chemical parameters. As a result of agricultural practices, the community declined from January to April, following a period of increase until June, as a result of irrigation. Among PPN, numbers of Meloidogyne were significantly higher, followed by Helicotylenchus and Tylenchus. The correlations between these groups and environmental parameters show that, apart from the direct influence of the host, calcium, potassium, nitrogen and soil moisture influenced the abundance and relation between genera.

 

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¹ NemaLab/ Instituto de Ciências Agrárias Mediterrânicas (ICAM), Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora; e-mail: pedro_barbosa@zmail.pt