Influência de diferentes sistemas de mobilização do solo na decomposição de folhas e ouriços de castanheiro

Decomposition of chestnut leaves and burs under different soil management systems

F. Raimundo¹, A. Martins¹ & M. Madeira²

 

RESUMO

Estudou-se a decomposição de folhas e ouriços de castanheiro (Castanea sativa Mill.), tanto incorporados no solo como colocados na superfície deste, sob e fora da influência da copa das árvores, num souto do Nordeste de Portugal. O estudo decorreu durante vinte e sete meses, utilizandose a metodologia das saquetas (litterbags). A perda de massa e a libertação de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca e Mg) foi mais rápida nos resíduos orgânicos incorporados no solo do que nos colocados na superfície do mesmo. As folhas colocadas sob ou fora da influência da copa não apresentaram diferenças significativas no tocante à taxa de decomposição e à dinâmica de libertação de nutrientes. Os ouriços decompuseram-se e libertaram os nutrientes mais lentamente do que as folhas, quando em semelhante posicionamento no solo. A substituição da gestão tradicional do solo dos soutos pelo sistema de não-mobilização traduzir-se-á pela acumulação de camadas orgânicas na superfície do solo e, temporariamente, pela redução do fluxo de nutrientes dos resíduos orgânicos para o solo.

 

ABSTRACT

Decomposition of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) leaves and burs, both incorporated into the soil and placed on its surface, were studied in a chestnut grove, in Northeast Portugal. The study was carried out during twenty-seven months, and the litterbag methodology was used. The mass loss and nutrient release (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) showed by the buried organic residues was faster than that of those placed on the soil surface. The leaf litter placed beneath or beyond the influence of tree canopy did not show significant differences with regarding mass loss and nutrient release dynamics. For similar placement, decomposition and nutrient release from burs was slower than that observed for the leaf litter. Substitution of the traditional soil management in chestnut groves by the zero tillage system will lead to the buildup of surface organic layers, and temporarily to the reduction of nutrient fluxes from organic residues to the soil.

 

 

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¹ Dep. Edafologia, UTAD, Ap. 1013, 5000-911 Vila Real, e-mail: fraimund@utad.pt

² Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Dep. de Ciências do Ambiente, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa