Carlos Castro¹, João Coutinho², Nuno Moreira¹, António Crespi³

RESUMO

Apresentam-se os resultados de um ensaio de rotações que decorreu durante dez anos em Vila Real (Trás-os-Montes). O ensaio incluiu a rotação tradicional das condições de sequeiro de Trás-os-Montes, cereal-alqueive (TA), e rotações alternativas susceptíveis de serem adoptadas nestas condições, cereal-leguminosa (TL), cereal-consociação forrageira (TC) e cereal-prado de sequeiro (TP). Os cereais das rotações foram o trigo e, posterior-mente, o triticale. Determinaram-se e analisaram-se as produções de grão e palha, os teores de nutrientes do grão e da palha e acompanharam-se os parâmetros do solo, pH, matéria orgânica e os teores de P₂ O ₅, K₂ O e bases de troca.

Destacam-se alguns resultados importantes, tais como: as produções de grão de cereal das rotações não mostrarem diferenças significativas entre si; a produção de palha da rotação TL ser superior às das restantes; o trigo cultivado após prado de sequeiro não dispensar a adubação azotada; as rotações conduzirem a modificações dos teores de matéria orgânica, cálcio de troca ou do valor do pH do solo, factores a que se deve atender, caso a rotação se prolongue por muitos anos.

Palavras-chave: cereais praganosos, fertilidade do solo, rotações.

 

 

ABSTRACT

The results of a field trial of crop rotations conducted over a period of ten years in Vila Real (Northeast Portugal) are presented. The rotations tested were cereal-cultivated fallow (TA), traditional in rain-fed conditions of the region, and alternative rotations that could be adopted in these conditions: cereal-grain legume crop (TL), cereal-forage mixture (TC) and cereal-rain-fed pasture (TP). The cereals were wheat and, later, triticale. Grain, straw and aerial biomass yields were evaluated together with concentrations of nutrients. The soil parameters studied were pH, organic matter and P ₂ O ₅, K₂O and exchange cations.

Wheat straw yield of TL rotation was higher than that of the others. Wheat from TP rotation still requires nitrogen fertilization. The soils of the different rotations registered changes of organic matter, Ca, Mg and pH values, which should be taken into account if these rotations are practised over several years.

Key-words: cereals, crop rotations, soil fertility.

 

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¹ Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Depart. de Fitotecnia, aptd. 1013 5001-801 Vila Real

² UTAD-Depart. de Edafologia, CECEA

³ UTAD-Depart. de Eng. Biológica, CETAV

 

Recepção/Reception:2007.03.13

Aceitação/Acception: 2007.06.11