Avaliação da Composição Corporal na Criança por Métodos não Invasivos

 

Elisabete Pinto, Ana Raquel Oliveira, Helena Alencastre, Carla Lopes

 

Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto

 

A infância é um período de rápido desenvolvimento e crescimento caracterizado por grandes mudanças, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à composição corporal. Tendo em consideração que esta se relaciona intimamente com o estado nutricional e de saúde, a sua avaliação assume uma importância acrescida neste período da vida. Existem actualmente inúmeros e variados métodos de avaliação da composição corporal, que têm por base diferentes modelos corporais e princípios, e permitem caracterizar a composição corporal de forma global e indiferenciada, ou de forma específica, diferenciando os vários compartimentos corporais. A composição corporal pode ser avaliada por métodos simples como a antropometria, ou por medições mais sofisticadas como a bioimpedância eléctrica ou a ressonância magnética. Neste trabalho faz-se uma revisão crítica de diferentes métodos não invasivos de avaliação corporal susceptíveis de serem aplicados durante a infância.

Palavras-chave: infância, composição corporal, antropometria, ressonância magnética, bioimpedância, pletismografia, osteodensitometria bifotónica (DEXA), condução eléctrica corporal total (TOBEC)

 

Body Composition Assessment in Children With Non Invasive Methods

Infancy is a period of fast development and growth, characterized by great changes, particularly of body composition. Its relation with the nutritional and health status makes its evaluation extremly important in this period of life. Actually, there is a wide variety of body composition assessment methods based on different body composition models and principles. Different methods can characterize body composition in a global and undifferentiated way, or in specific differentiating corporal components. Body composition can be evaluated by simple methods, such as traditional anthropometry or involving more sophisticated measurements, such as bioelectrical impedance analysis or magnetic resonance imaging. In these review different methods of body composition assessment and their relevance when used in children are critically revised.

Key-words: infancy, body composition, anthropometry, magnetic resonance imaging, bioelectrical impedance analysis, plethysmography, dual energy X ray absorptiometry, total body electric conductivity

 

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Correspondência:

Dr.ª Elisabete Pinto

Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia

Faculdade de Medicina do Porto

Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro

4000-319 Porto

e-mail: ecbpinto@med.up.pt