Substitutos Ósseos

Conceitos Gerais e Estado Actual

Manuel Gutierres*, Maria Ascensão Lopes^†‡, Nandyala Sooraj Hussain†^‡, Abel Trigo Cabral^*, Luís Almeida^*, José Domingos Santos^†‡

*Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; † Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto; ‡Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Porto

 

Resumo

Os substitutos ósseos são actualmente objecto de intensa investigação a nível mundial, com vista a ultrapassar as limitações decorrentes da colheita de enxerto ou do recurso a bancos de osso, para preencher defeitos ósseos. Além disso, a utilização de substâncias com capacidade osteogénica abre novas perspectivas no tratamento de fracturas, pseudartroses e nas artrodeses vertebrais.

Dada a grande quantidade de informação existente sobre esta matéria, este artigo pretende não só rever conceitos gerais como também sumarizar o que de mais recente foi publicado na área da aplicação de substitutos ósseos para regeneração óssea.

Palavras-chave: Enxerto ósseo, substituto ósseo, biomaterial, hidroxiapatite, factores de crescimento

 

Abstract

Bone Substitutes: General Concepts and "State of the Art"

Bone grafts are nowadays the subject of extensive research worldwide, aimed at overcoming limitations associated with the use of autografts or bone banks to fill bone defects. Additionally, the use of osteogenic substances opens new perspectives in the treatment of fractures, pseudarthroses and vertebral arthrodeses. Due to the large amount of information available in the area of bone grafts, this paper aims not only to revise general concepts but also to summarize what has been published recently in the area of bone substitutes for bone regeneration.

Key-words: Autografts, bone graft, biomaterial, hydroxyapatite, bone growth factors

 

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Correspondência:

Dr. Manuel Gutierres

Serviço de Ortopedia

Hospital de São João

Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro

4200-319 Porto

e-mail: m.gutierres@sapo.pt