Tabagismo e Diferenciação Óssea: Efeito de Níveis Sanguíneos e Salivares de Nicotina no Comportamento de Células Osteoblásticas de Medula Óssea Humana. Estudo in vitro.

Maria de Lurdes Pereira*, João da Costa Carvalho*, Fernando Martins Peres*, Manuel Gutierrez†, Maria Helena Fernandes*

*Laboratório de Farmacologia e Biocompatibilidade Celular, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto;

†Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto

 

Resumo

Os hábitos tabágicos constituem um factor de risco para patologias crónicas que envolvem o tecido ósseo como a osteoporose e a perda óssea alveolar associada à doença periodontal. O processo de formação óssea envolve a diferenciação de células osteoprogenitoras em osteoblastos e a formação de uma matrix colagenosa mineralizada. Assim, o objectivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o comportamento de células osteoblásticas provenientes de medula óssea humana na presença de concentrações de nicotina representativas dos níveis sanguíneos e salivares presentes nos indivíduos com hábitos tabágicos. As culturas celulares foram mantidas durante 28 dias em condições experimentais que favorecem a diferenciação do fenótipo osteoblástico e cultivadas na ausência (situação controlo) e na presença de nicotina (10 ng/ml - 1 mg/ml). A exposição a 10 ng/ml (concentração representativa dos níveis plasmáticos) não afectou significativamente a proliferação e actividade funcional. A presença de concentrações superiores (0,01 - 1 mg/ml, representativas dos níveis salivares) influenciou o comportamento celular, de modo dependente da dose. As culturas expostas a 0,01 - 0,2 mg/ ml apresentaram estimulação da proliferação celular e da actividade de fosfatase alcalina, associada a uma antecipação do processo de mineralização da matriz extracelular. A exposição a 0,3 mg/ml causou um efeito inibitório inicial, seguido de recuperação dos parâmetros de crescimento e função. Na presença de concentrações superiores, observaram-se efeitos negativos no comportamento celular durante todo o período de incubação; as culturas apresentaram uma diminuição do número de células aderentes, níveis de fosfatase alcalina baixos e extensa vacuolização citoplasmática. Os resultados sugerem a possibilidade de modulação local da actividade osteoblástica pela nicotina, a nível da cavidade oral.

Palavras-chave: nicotina; culturas celulares de medula óssea humana; proliferação celular; diferenciação celular

 

Abstract

Tobacco Use and Bone Differentiation: Effect of Plasmatic and Salivary Levels of Nicotine on the Beahviour of Human Bone Marrow Osteoblastic Cells

The use of tobacco has been implicated in bone pathologies like osteoporosis and alveolar bone loss associated to periodontal disease. Bone formation involves the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into osteoblasts and the formation of a mineralised colagenous matrix. Therefore, the aim of this work was to characterise the behaviour of human bone marrow derived osteoblastic cells in the presence of nicotine at concentrations representatives of those present in plasma and saliva of tobacco users. Cell cultures were maintained for 28 days in experimental conditions that favour the differentiation of the osteoblastic phenotype and cultured in the absence (control) and in the presence of nicotine (10 ng/ml - 1 mg/ml). Results showed that nicotine, at 10 ng/ml (representative of plasmatic levels), did not affect significantly cell proliferation and functional activity. The presence of higher levels, 0.01 - 1mg/ml (representative of the salivary levels), affected cell behaviour in a dose dependent manner. Cultures exposed to 0.01 - 0.2 mg/ml presented increased cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity, associated to an anticipation of the matrix mineralization. Treatment with 0.3 mg/ml caused an initial inhibitory effect followed by a recovery of the cell growth and functional parameters. In the presence of higher concentrations, negative effects on cell behaviour were observed throughout the incubation time; cultures presented decreased numbers of adherent cells, low alkaline phosphatase levels and cytoplasm vacuolation. Results suggest the possibility of local modulation of the osteoblastic activity by nicotine, at the oral cavity.

Key-words: nicotine; human bone marrow cell cultures; cell proliferation; cell differentiation

 

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Correspondência:

Maria Helena Fernandes

Lab. Farmacologia e Biocompatibilidade Celular

Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, UP

Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva 4200-393 Porto

e-mail: mhfernandes@fmd.up.pt