Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescence

Elisabete Ramos

Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto

Abstract

The present review will examine the relationships among behavioural and biological cardiovascular risk factors during adolescence and cardiovascular disease later in adult life. A consistent finding is the co-occurrence of behavioural cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diets and physical inactivity. Although there are no consensual criteria to define adolescence overweight, it is the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor representing an increasingly important health problem, and the increase in the prevalence overweight, among younger age groups, is likely to have effect on others biological cardiovascular risk factors during adolescence and long-term implications for cardiovascular disease. A cluster of risk factors that includes overweight, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance was described in children and adolescents, leading to the hypothesis that the clustering process begins early in life and persists in adulthood.

Key-words: cardiovascular disease; adolescent; risk factors; child

 

Resumo

Factores de Risco Cardiovasculares na Adolescência

Esta revisão investiga a relação entre factores de risco cardiovasculares, comportamentais e biológicos, na adolescência e a ocorrência de doença cardiovascular na vida adulta. Factores de risco comportamentais, como hábitos tabágicos, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, níveis baixos de actividade física e uma ingestão alimentar habitualmente associada a risco de doença, tendem a agregar-se. Apesar de não existir um critério consensual para a definição de excesso de peso em adolescentes, é o factor de risco mais prevalente neste grupo etário, e representa um problema crescente com impacto não só na mortalidade e morbilidade na vida adulta, mas também em outros factores de risco biológicos durante a adolescência. Nos adolescentes já se observa a agregação de factores de risco como o excesso de peso, hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia e resistência à insulina, o que suporta a hipótese que esta agregação se inicia em fases precoces da vida.

Palavras-chave: doença cardiovascular; adolescente; factores de risco; criança

 

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Correspondência:

Drª Elisabete Ramos Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia

Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto

Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro 4200-319 Porto

e-mail: eliramos@med.up.pt