Desafios para o Controlo da Hipertensão Arterial a Nível Populacional

A hipertensão arterial é uma das principais causas de morte e morbilidade cardiovascular. Nesta revisão, os autores começam por comentar as principais diferenças na definição de hipertensão e na classificação da pressão arterial entre os vários documentos de recomendações para a abordagem da hipertensão arterial. De seguida, é apresentada uma revisão crítica das estimativas de prevalência, conhecimento, tratamento e controlo da hipertensão arterial. Apesar da evidência disponível sobre opções terapêuticas com efectividade comprovada, a proporção de hipertensos cuja pressão arterial está controlada é muito baixa. Os motivos subjacentes ao inadequado controlo da hipertensão são complexos e de natureza variada, mas prendem-se fundamentalmente com a “inércia” dos clínicos e dos doentes face a esta patologia. Não é provável que apenas com as estratégias actuais se possa alcançar uma melhoria notória neste panorama. As limitações de tempo, entre outros factores, têm sido apontadas como motivo para a não exequibilidade de um seguimento mais apertado, de forma sustentada, para uma melhoria da comunicação entre os clínicos e os doentes. Há necessidade de, no futuro próximo, concentrar esforços na investigação para identificar as principais barreiras e avaliar a utilidade de estratégias alternativas para melhorar o controlo da hipertensão, como, por exemplo, a efectividade do maior envolvimento de outros profissionais de saúde.

Palavras-chave: hipertensão; pressão arterial; controlo; gestão; prevenção; barreiras.

 

 

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Correspondência:

Dr.ª Marta Pereira

Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia

Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto

Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro

4200-319 Porto

e-mail: martasfp@med.up.pt