Impacto da doença crónica na adolescência

 

Sónia Santos¹, Elisabete Santos¹, Alzira Ferrão¹, Carlos Figueiredo¹

¹ S. Pediatria, Hospital de São Teotónio, Viseu

Correspondência

 

RESUMO

Introdução: A adolescência, as suas alterações biopsicossociais e a doença crónica influenciam-se mutuamente, com especial relevância no comportamento social, rendimento académico e comportamento sexual.

Objectivos: Avaliar se a doença crónica influencia comportamentos de risco nesta idade.

Material e Métodos: Estudo transversal e comparativo, realizado entre 15 de Julho e 30 de Setembro de 2008, a jovens entre os 13-20 anos com doença crónica (DC) seguidos em consultas do Hospital São Teotónio de Viseu (HSTV) e a adolescentes saudáveis de duas escolas.

Foi aplicado um inquérito específico para avaliação de dados sociodemográficos, história da doença, comportamentos de risco, auto-estima e relacionamento amoroso. Os testes estatísticos utilizados para o tratamento de dados foram o teste X² e de t-student.

Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 125 sujeitos do grupo adolescentes com DC e 135 do grupo de adolescentes saudáveis. Comparando os dois grupos, constatou-se que os adolescentes com DC reprovam mais que os adolescentes saudáveis. Todos os 22 sujeitos sexualmente activos com DC referiam o uso de preservativo. Registou-se um menor consumo de hábitos tabágicos e alcoólicos no grupo de DC. Nenhum adolescente com DC admitiu o consumo de outras drogas.

Discussão: A literatura refere que os adolescentes com doença crónica têm a mesma ou maior tendência para comportamentos de risco. No entanto, no actual estudo, os adolescentes com DC apresentam menos comportamentos de risco.

Palavras-chave: Adolescência, comportamentos de risco, doença crónica.

 

Impact of chronic disease in adolescence

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Adolescence and its biopsychosocial alterations and the chronic disease influence each other, with special relevance on social behaviour, school performance and sexual behaviour.

Objectives: To assess whether chronic disease influences risk behaviours at this age.

Material and Methods: A cross-sectional and comparative study, conducted between July 15^th and September 30^th 2008, to young people between the ages of 13 and 20 with chronic disease (CD), monitored in regular visits at São Teotónio Hospital of Viseu (HSTV), and healthy adolescents from two schools.

We applied a specific questionnaire to assess socialdemographic data, history of the disease, risk behaviours, self-esteem and sexual behaviour. The X² and t-student tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results: The sample consisted of 125 subjects from group adolescents with CD and 135 adolescents in the group “healthy.” Comparing the two groups, it was found that adolescents with CD fail in school more than the healthy adolescents. All the 22 subjects with CD sexually active reported the use of condom. There was a lower consumption of alcohol and smoking habits in the group of CD. None of the adolescents with CD admitted consumption of other drugs.

Discussion: Literature mentions that adolescents with chronic disease have the same or greater tendency to risk behaviours. However, in our study, adolescents with CD have less risk behaviours.

Keywords: Adolescence, risk behaviours, chronic disease.

 

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CORRESPONDÊNCIA

Sónia Santos

Hospital São Teotónio de Viseu

Avenida Rei D. Duarte

3504-509 Viseu

soniafmuc@gmail.com

 

AGRADECIMENTOS

-Equipa de enfermagem do sector de Consulta Externa de Pediatria do HSTV (Enf. Rosa, Enf. São Luís e Enf. Ana);

-Aos professores da Escola Secundária Alves Martins e Colégio Via Sacra de Viseu.