Treino de exercício na doença pulmonar crónica

Exercise training in chronic pulmonary disease

 

Paula Pamplona¹

Luísa Morais²

 

Resumo

O treino de exercício tornou-se a pedra basilar dos programas de reabilitação respiratória. Desde os anos 90, está comprovada a sua eficácia na melhoria da capacidade para o exercício e qualidade de vida. As normas actuais recomendam exercício contínuo de alta intensidade dos membros inferiores, como a modalidade de exercício mais eficaz (evidência A); no entanto, para alguns doentes é por vezes difícil iniciar este tipo de programa, dada a limitação por dispneia ou fadiga dos membros inferiores. Nos últimos anos, têm-se dado especial relevância à integração de outras modalidades de exercício (contínuo versus intervalado, aeróbico versus força, inclusão ou não de treino dos músculos respiratórios). Os autores revêem a actual literatura sobre treino de exercício na doença respiratória crónica, certos de que a dispneia e a inactividade condicionam um ciclo vicioso que pode ser revertido pelo treino de exercício, planeado individualmente e de forma exacta.

Palavras-chave: Treino de exercício, treino aeróbico, treino de força, reabilitação respiratória.

 

Abstract

Exercise training has become a cornerstone of Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Since the nineties, the effectiveness in clinically relevant improvements in exercise capacity and health-related quality of life has been proved. Current guidelines (Evidence A) recommend high intensity continuous exercise for lower extremities as the most effective exercise modality, however, for some patients it is often difficult to initiate such an exercise programme due to the limitation of dyspnoea or leg fatigue. In recent years, special relevance has been given to the integration of other modalities of exercise (continuous versus interval, aerobic versus strength, inclusion or not of respiratory muscle training). The authors carry out a review of the current literature concerning exercise training in chronic pulmonary disease and this highlights the role of tailored exercise to break the vicious cycle of dyspnoea and inactivity.

Key-words: Exercise training, aerobic training, strenght training, pulmonary rehabilitation.

 

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¹ Assistente graduada de Pneumologia

² Fisioterapeuta

 

Hospital Pulido Valente, Unidade de Readaptação Funcional Respiratória

Alameda das Linhas de Torres, 117 1769-001 Lisboa

 

Recebido para publicação/received for publication: 06.07.20

Aceite para publicação/accepted for publication: 06.09.08