Prevalência da asma e da rinite em adolescentes de 13 anos do Porto, Portugal

 

Helena Falcão¹

Elisabete Ramos²

Agostinho Marques³

Henrique Barros⁴

 

 

Resumo

Introdução: As prevalências da asma e rinite têm aumentado nas últimas décadas, mas nos últimos anos tem sido referida a sua estabilização ou mesmo diminuição.

Objectivo: O objectivo foi o de descrever a prevalência de rinite, asma ou sintomas do tipo da asma em adolescentes urbanos de 13 anos.

Métodos: Os participantes elegíveis foram todos os alunos das escolas públicas e privadas do Porto, nascidos em 1990; 2161 (77,5%) concordaram em participar. Através de questionários autoaplicados, a informação recolhida contemplou aspectos sociais, demográficos, comportamentais, história clínica de asma e doenças alérgicas do adolescente e família. Foi usada a versão portuguesa do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood’s (ISAAC) e foram efectuadas espirometrias.

Resultados: Nesta amostra de adolescentes urbanos de 13 anos, a prevalência da asma durante a vida foi de 12,9%, 84,4% com diagnóstico médico. A pieira durante a vida foi 18,3% e no último ano de 9,3%. A rinite foi relatada por 10,1%, mas a prevalência durante a vida de adolescentes com espirros, rinorreia serosa ou obstrução nasal, foi de 32,0%, e no último ano de 27,4%.

Conclusão: Verificou-se uma estabilização ou mesmo diminuição da prevalência dos sintomas e diagnóstico de asma e rinite nos adolescentes do Porto, quando comparada com os resultados do ISAAC em 2002, tal como noutras investigações na Europa. A asma e a rinite estão frequentemente presentes no mesmo doente e a tosse nocturna é um importante sintoma que surge associado aos sintomas nasais. A função pulmonar permitiu discriminar os adolescentes com queixas respiratórias.

Palavras-chave: Adolescentes, asma, rinite, estudos transversais, prevalência, tendência.

 

 

Prevalence of asthma and rhinitis in 13 year old adolescents in Porto, Portugal

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of asthma and rhinitis has been increasing over the past few decades, but the last few years have seen these rates stabilise or even decrease. Aim: The aim of our study was to describe the prevalence of rhinitis, asthma or asthma-like symptoms in 13 year-old urban adolescents.

Methods: Eligible participants were all students at state and private schools in Porto born in 1990. 2161 (77.5%) agreed to participate. Information was obtained using self-administered questionnaires inquiring into social, demographic, behavioural and clinical history including asthma and allergic diseases in the adolescent and the family. We used the Portuguese version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire and we also performed spirometry tests.

Results: In this sample of 13 year old urban adolescents the prevalence of asthma ever was 12.9%, 84.4% with physician diagnosis. Lifetime wheezing was reported by 18.3% and current wheezing by 9.3% of the adolescents. Rhinitis was referred to by 10.1%, but the prevalence of adolescents with sneezing ever, or a runny/blocked nose, was 32.0% and the prevalence in the last 12 months was 27.4%.

Conclusion: We concluded that there was stabilisation or even decrease in the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis symptoms and diagnosis in adolescents reported in Porto, compared with the 2002 ISAAC study, as observed in other surveys in Europe. Asthma and rhinitis is frequently present in the same patient and nocturnal cough is an important symptom concomitant with nasal symptoms. Measures of lung function permitted the discrimination of adolescents with respiratory complaints.

Key-words: Adolescents, asthma, rhinitis, cross-sectional studies, prevalence, trends.

 

 

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¹ Investigadora, Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto / Researcher, Hygiene and Epidemiology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Porto.

² Professora, Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto / Professor, Hygiene and Epidemiology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Porto.

³ Professor Catedrático, Serviço de Pneumologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto / Cathedratic Professor, Pulmonology Unit, , School of Medicine, University of Porto.

⁴ Professor Catedrático e Director do Serviço de Higiene e Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto / Cathedratic Professor and Head, Hygiene and Epidemiology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Porto.