Avaliação de hábitos tabágicos em alunos do ensino secundário

 

C Damas¹

S Saleiro²

A Marinho²

G Fernandes¹

I Gomes³

 

Resumo

Introdução: O consumo de tabaco é um factor de risco importante em doenças com mortalidade e morbilidade importante. O hábito de fumar é adquirido precocemente na adolescência, sendo esta fase do desenvolvimento um período crítico para a aquisição deste hábito.

Métodos: De forma a avaliar os hábitos tabágicos, bem como os conhecimentos dos malefícios relacionados com o seu consumo, foi realizado um inquérito confidencial em quatro escolas secundárias da área do grande Porto. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados com recurso ao programa SPSS 1.2 (versão 2004).

Resultados: Foram obtidas respostas de 1770 alunos, com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 21 anos (mediana de 15,1 anos), a maioria do sexo feminino (58%). A maioria dos estudantes (n=952, 54,6%) tinha conhecimento dos avisos relacionados com o fumo dispersos na escola. A grande maioria (n=1639, 92,7%) considerava–se bem informada no que respeita aos malefícios do tabaco. No entanto, apenas 6,7% mencionou três ou mais patologias relacionadas com o consumo de tabaco. Quantos às fontes de informação os pais e os amigos foram as mais frequentemente referidas. Do total de estudantes que responderam ao inquérito 194 (11,1%) eram fumadores, tendo em média começado a fumar com 15 anos. A maioria (n=111; 57,2%) eram filhos de fumadores e a maioria dos fumadores (96,4%) tinham amigos fumadores versus 83,1% dos não fumadores, sendo esta diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001). A mesada era a principal fonte de dinheiro para comprar cigarros em 34,5% dos fumadores. A maioria (60,8%) considerava ser capaz de deixar de fumar a qualquer altura, contudo 11,4% dos fumadores fumava mais de 20 cigarros/dia e 9,8% fumava o primeiro cigarro cinco minutos depois de acordar.

Conclusão: A percentagem de fumadores neste grupo de adolescentes é considerável, tendo sido também identificados factores de dependência. O conhecimento dos malefícios associados ao consumo de tabaco é deficiente e aparentemente a informação relacionada com os mesmos dada na escola é pouco valorizada pelos alunos. Os hábitos dos amigos e pais podem ser importantes para o início do consumo de tabaco.

Palavras-chave:Tabaco, adolescentes, informação.

 

Smoking habits in secondary school students

Abstract

Background: Smoking is an important health risk in general, and responsible for diseases with significant mortality and morbidity. Smoking habits start early and adolescence is a notorious time for starting smoking.

Aim and Methods: To assess knowledge on smoking and smoking habits in a population of adolescents in four Porto schools, using a confidential self administered questionnaire. Collected data were evaluated using the SPSS 1.2 statistics program (2004 version).

Results: A total of 1770 students aged 11 - 21(median 15.1 years), mainly female, (58%), answered. Most students (n=952, 54.6%) were unaware of signs or warnings against  in their schools. The great majority (n=1639, 92.7%) considered themselves well informed on the harmful effects of smoking, but only 6.7% could list three or more tobacco-associated health consequences, however. Parents and friends were seen as privileged sources of information. Among these  students, 194 (11.1%) were smokers and the average started to smoke at the age of 15. The majority of these (n=111, 57.2%) had parents who smoked and 96.4% had friends who smoked, versus 83.1% of non-smokers, a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Pocket money was the means of acquiring cigarettes in 34.8%. Most (60.8%) considered themselves able to stop smoking at any time, while 11.4% of the smokers smoked more than one pack a day and 9.8% smoked the first cigarette within 5 minutes of waking, however.

Conclusions: The percentage of smokers in this group of teenagers was considerable and indicators of nicotine dependence were found. Knowledge of the risks of smoking was poor and information on smoking given by schools had an apparently low and variable impact. Parents’ and friends’ behaviour may have a weighty impact on the decision to start smoking.

Key-words: Smoking, adolescents, information.

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format.

 

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¹ Assistente Hospitalar de Pneumologia / Pulmonology resident

² Interna Complementar de Pneumologia / Pulmonolgy consultant

³ Assistente Hospitalar Graduada de Pneumologia / Pulmonolgy consultant and specialist

 

Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto / Pulmonology Unit, Hospital de São João (EPE), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto

 

Correspondência / Correspondence:

E-mail: cdamas@aeiou.pt

Morada: Carla Damas

Travessa Fernando Namora 48, 5.º Esq.

4425 Pedrouços – Maia

 

Recebido para publicação/received for publication: 08.02.19

Aceite para publicação/accepted for publication: 08.10.01