La calidad del intercambio líder-miembro (LMX) y el clima psicológico: Un análises longitudinal de sus relaciones recíprocas

 

Nuria Tordera^1  2

José M. Peiró^{2  3}

José Ramos López²

Vicente González­‑Romá²

 

Resumen: Aunque la relación entre clima y liderazgo ha sido señalada desde distintas aproximaciones teóricas existe poca investigación que haya aportado un marco conceptual sólido para entender el proceso de desarrollo de ambos fenómenos. Partiendo de la aproximación interaccionista para la formación de clima y la teoría del intercambio líder­‑miembro (LMX) Kozlowski y Doherty (1989) proponen un marco teórico en el que especifican los mecanismos que actúan en el desarrollo de ambos constructos. La falta de diseños longitudinales impide analizar las relaciones causales entre ambos constructos. El principal objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar una serie de hipótesis de causación recíproca respecto a la relación entre la calidad LMX y el clima psicológico a través de un diseño longitudinal. Los resultados mostraron la existencia de relaciones entre ambos constructos a través del tiempo aunque no mostraron apoyo a las hipótesis de relación recíproca.

Palabras­‑clave: liderazgo, clima organizacional, intercambio líder­‑miembro, congruencia perceptiva.

 

Leader­‑member exchange quality (LMX) and psychological climate: A longitudinal analysis of their reciprocal relationship

Abstract: Although the relationship between climate and leadership has been taken into account from different research and theoretical approaches, there is a lack of effort in the development of conceptual framework to understand the relationship between the development processes in both constructs. Grounding on the interactionist approach to the formation of climate and the Leader Member Exchange in leadership, Kozlowski and Doherty (1989) developed a conceptual framework that specifies the theoretical mechanisms linking both constructs. The lack of longitudinal designs hinders the possibility to test causal relationships between both constructs. The main objective of the present paper was to test a number of reciprocal causal hypotheses regarding the relationship between LMX and climate by means of a longitudinal design. Results show LMX and climate to be longitudinally related but the existence of reciprocal relationship was not supported.

Key‑words: leadership, organizational climate, leader member exchange, perceptual congruence.

 

A qualidade do intercâmbio líder­‑membro (LMX) e o clima psicológico: Uma análise longitudinal das suas relações recíprocas

Resumo: Embora a relação entre o clima e a liderança esteja presente em diferentes abordagens teóricas, existe pouca investigação que contribua para compreender o processo de desenvolvimento de ambos os fenómenos de um modo integrado. Kozlowski e Doherty (1989) desenvolvem uma abordagem para a formação do clima organizacional, com a qual integram a teoria do intercâmbio líder­‑membro (LMX) e propõem um modelo teórico em que especificam os mecanismos que agem no desenvolvimento de ambos os constructos. A ausência de estudos longitudinais impede a análise das relações causais entre ambos os constructos. O objectivo principal deste trabalho é analisar uma série de hipóteses de causalidade recíproca entre a qualidade LMX e o clima psicológico através de um estudo longitudinal. Os resultados mostraram a existência de relações entre ambos os constructos ao longo do tempo, embora não sejam apoiadas as hipóteses de relação recíproca.

Palavras­‑chave: liderança, clima organizacional, intercâmbio, líder­‑membro, congruência perceptiva.

 

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¹  La correspondencia relacionada con este artículo deberá ser enviada a Nuria Tordera, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21; 46010 Valencia. Tel. 96 386 45 66. E­‑mail: nuria.tordera@uv.es. Este artículo ha sido subvencionado por la Generalitat Valenciana en su programa de Grupos de I+D+I (Grupo: 03/195)

²  Universitat de Valencia.

³ IVIE.