Consumo de álcool em adolescentes e psicopatologia associada

 

Lara Vilela*, Patrícia Macho**, Gaspar Almeida***

*Interna Complementar de Pedopsiquiatria Rua da Vilar, nº 328, 4º esQ 4465-360 S. Mamede Infesta tlm. 916 538 736 larabvilela@gmail.com

**Assistente Hospitalar de Pedopsiquiatria tlm. 917 049 737 patriciamacho@sapo.pt

***Assistente Hospitalar Graduado de Psiquiatria tlm. 965 295 174 gasparalmeida51@gmail.com

 

RESUMO

Os adolescentes que abusam de álcool apresentam, por vezes, psicopatologia associada. A patologia psiquiátrica pode precipitar a Perturbação de Uso de Álcool (PUA) ou resultar do consumo de álcool. Por outro lado, a PUA e a psicopatologia podem coexistir, independentemente, em adolescentes de alto risco, uma vez que par­tilham alguns factores desencadeantes. Das patologias psiquiátricas, as que se associam, com maior frequência, ao consumo de álcool nos adolescentes são a perturbação conduta, a perturbação depressiva, a perturbação de ansiedade e a perturbação de hiperactividade e défice de atenção. O objectivo deste estudo é investigar se há relação entre o consumo de álcool e a presença de psicopatologia na adolescência, numa amostra escolar (236). A exposição ao álcool na adolescência pode originar consequências a longo prazo, assim, a identificação dos factores de risco para uso e abuso de álcool por adolescentes é fulcral para o desenvolvimento de programas de prevenção eficazes.

Palavras-chave: Adolescentes; Álcool; Psicopatologia.

 

RÉSUMÉ

Les adolescents, qui abusent de l’alcool, présentent, des fois, psycho­lopathologie associée. La pathologie psychiatrique peut précipiter la Perturbation d’Usage d’Alcool (PUA) ou résulter de la consommation d’alcool. En outre, la PUA et la psychopathologie peuvent coexister, indépendamment, chez des ados à grand risque, puisqu’ils partagent quelques facteurs déclencheurs. Des pathologies psychiatriques, celles qui s’associent, le plus souvent, à la consommation d’alcool, ce sont la perturbation de conduite, la perturbation dépressive, la perturbation d’anxiété, la perturbation d’hyperactivité et déficit d’attention. L’objectif de cette étude c’est de rechercher s’il y a une relation entre la consommation d’alcool et la présence de psychopathlogie chez des ados d’un échantillon scolaire. La exposition à l’alcool à l’adolescence peut avoir des conséquences à long terme donc l’identification des facteurs de risque pour usage et abus d’alcool par des ados est essentielle au développement de programmes de prévention éfficaces.

Mots-clé: Adolescence; Álcool; Psychopathlogie.

 

ABSTRACT

Teenagers who abuse alcohol sometimes have associated psychopathology. Psychiatric Disorder may precipitate Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) or result from the consumption of alcohol. Furthermore, the AUD and psychopathology can exist independently in high-risk adolescents, because they share some triggers. The psychiatric disorders more often associated to alcohol use in adolescents are conduct disorder, depressive disorder, anxiety Disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between alcohol consumption and the presence of psychopathology in a school sample (236). As the use of alcohol in adolescence can have long-term consequences, the identification of risk factors for use and abuse of alcohol by adolescents is central to the development of effective prevention programs.

Key Words: Adolescent; Alcohol; Psychopathology.

 

RESUMEN

Los adolecentes que abusan del alcohol presentan, por veces, psicopatología asociada. La patología psiquiátrica puede precipitar la Perturbación del Uso de Alcohol o resultar del consumen de alcohol. Por otro lado, esta Perturbación y la psicopatología pueden coexistir, independientemente, en adolescentes de gran riesgo, una vez que comparten algunos factores desencadenantes. Entre las patologías psiquiátricas, aquellas que se asocian con más gran frecuencia al consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes son la perturbación de conducta, la perturbación depresiva, la perturbación de ansiedad y la perturbación de hiperactividad y déficit de atención. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la existencia de una relación entre el consumo de alcohol y la presencia de psicopatología en la adolescencia, en una muestra escolar (236). La exposición al alcohol en la adolescencia puede originar consecuencias a gran plazo, así, el identificación de los factores de riesgo para el uso y abuso de alcohol por adolescentes es esencial para el desarrollo de programas de prevención eficaces.

Palabras Clave: Adolescentes; Alcohol; Psicopatología.

 

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Artigo recebido em 20/05/10; versão final aceite em 12/02/11.