Comportamentos de adesão ao rastreio do cancro do colo do útero: estudo exploratório numa amostra de utentes do centro de saúde de Peniche

Ivone Patrão¹ Isabel Leal²

¹Centro de Saúde de Peniche – Portugal

² Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisboa – Portugal

 

Resumo: O objectivo desta investigação (de tipo descritivo, correlacional, exploratório e transversal) foi estudar as variáveis que estão significativamente relacionadas com os Comportamentos de Adesão ao rastreio do Cancro do Colo do Útero. Definiu-se os Comportamentos de Adesão como a variável principal, e as variáveis de Caracterização das Participantes e as Psicológicas, como as de influência. A amostra é constituída por 400 mulheres (entre os 18 e 65 anos) utentes do Centro de Saúde de Peniche, que preencheram um questionário. Para o tratamento dos dados recorreu-se à estatística não paramétrica. Verificou-se que existe um comportamento de baixa adesão (74,8%) à citologia. As mulheres com um comportamento de baixa adesão posicionam-se de forma indiferente na crença de obstáculos, têm uma baixa crença de vulnerabilidade e preocupação como Cancro do Colo do Útero e atribuem um baixo valor à sua saúde. Para além disso, são mais novas, solteiras, não têm filhos, fumam, vão ao Médico por doença, nunca foram a consultas de planeamento familiar, não usam método contraceptivo, as que têm filhos não realizaram a revisão do parto, não têm recomendação médica e não têm intenção de realizar a citologia, e preferem um Médico do sexo feminino. As mulheres com um comportamento de elevada adesão têm uma baixa crença de obstáculos, uma elevada crença de vulnerabilidade e preocupação média com o Cancro do Colo do Útero e atribuem elevado valor à sua saúde. Estas mulheres são mais velhas, casadas, têm filhos, não fumam, vão ao Médico para vigiar a saúde, vão a consultas de planeamento familiar, usam a pílula, realizaram a revisão do parto, têm recomendação médica, intenção de realizar a citologia, e não têm preferência pelo sexo do Médico.

Palavras chave: Adesão, Cancro do Colo do Útero, Rastreio.

 

Adherence behavior to the cervical cancer screening: an exploratory study with a patient sample of the centro de saúde de Peniche

Abstract: The objective of the present investigation is to study the Adherence Behavior to the Cervical Cancer Screening, and also explore witch variables have a significant correlation. This is a descriptive, correlational, exploratory and transversal study. For the present study the Adherence Behavior was defined has the main variable The psychological variables and the one’s who characterize the participants were the influenced variables. The data were obtained assessing 400 women using a questionnaire (their age range between 18 and 65 years old). All of them were patients in the Peniche Health Center. For the purposes of the study we used data from descriptive and percentage statistics and also non-parametric tests. The results suggest that exist a low adherence behavior (74,8%) to cytology. The relation between variables seems interesting because it characterize the cytology adherence behaviors. Women, who have a low adherence behavior, have indifferent barriers beliefs to adherence. They are less vulnerable, have less worry cancer thoughts and give a lower value to their health. Furthermore, they are younger, single, doesn’t have children, smoke, go to the doctor just when they have symptoms, doesn’t go to birth control program appointments and do not use any contraceptive method. The one’s who have children, did not go to the after birth control appointments, don’t have any medical recommendations and they don’t think in doing the cytology. Also, they prefer female doctors. On the other hand, women who have higher levels of adherence, do not create barriers to adherence. They have higher levels of vulnerability beliefs and are middle worriers about the Cervical Cancer. They give a high value to their health. The women of this group are older, married, has children, they not smoke and do regular appointments with their family doctor. This women are more likely to go to the birth control appointments, they use more frequently birth control methods, went to the after birth appointments, have medical recommendations and they intend to do the cytology. In contrast, they don’t have any preference in doctors’ gender.

Key words: Adherence, Cervical Cancer, Screening.

 

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